Automatic distance control

This is an area for FDMU that the acoustics of the vehicle interior is depicted for each vehicle variant for each passenger in each seat position to ensure that decisions on the design of the overall system can be represented entirely. The scenario describes a system for automatic volume control of (at least) two active sound sources. In this scenario, a person is in the vicinity of the two sound sources. His position, and, therefore, the distances from the sound sources can be changed. Both sound sources emit varying signals, e.g. music from a stereo system. In the area noise is present too, compromising the clarity of the music. Another part of the system is a microphone which detects the total sound pressure in the interior of the vehicle. Total sound pressure is composed of both the music and from the noise. 

The molecular mechanics force fields available include MM+, OPLS, BIO+, and AMBER. Parameters missing from the force field will be automatically estimated. The user has some control over cutoff distances for various terms in the energy expression. Solvent molecules can be included along with periodic boundary conditions. The molecular mechanics calculations tested ran without difficulties. Biomolecule computational abilities are aided by functions for superimposing molecules, conformation searching, and QSAR descriptor calculation. 

Manually adjusted screw or ratchet take-ups that adjust the position of the tail pulley to control belt tension can be used on relatively short, light duty conveyors. Automatic take-ups are used on conveyors over about 25 to 30 m long. The most common is the weighted automatic gravity take-up (see Fig. la). Other types of automatic take-ups have hydrauHc or pneumatic powered devices to adjust a snub pulley position and maintain a constant belt tension. The requited take-up movement varies according to the characteristics of the belt constmction and the belt length. Typically, take-up movements for pHed belts are 2% to 3% of the center distance between head and tail pulley, and about 0.5% for steel cable belts. The take-up movements requited for soHd woven belts are usually shorter because of the lower elastic stretch. Take-up requirements for a particular situation should be confirmed by the belt manufacturer. 

In many applications, especially where process plant is concerned, the measurement information is required to be conveyed to a central point, which may be a control room manned by operators or a computer which carries out the control functions automatically. The connecting link between the various measurement points and the central control is usually a telemetry system, although in some cases the distances involved are so large that radio links need to be used. 

Among the various advantages of electroanalysis in general, as mentioned in the general introduction (p. XV), we can stress again, considering automation, the direct accessibility to electronic and hence automatic control even at a distance, simple automatic data treatment and simple insertation, if desired, into a process regulation loop. 

The BioView sensor (DELTA Light Optics, Denmark) was developed especially for industrial applications. It is capable of completely automatic optical measurement for monitoring and control of different bioprocesses. The instrument is conceived to withstand harsh industrial environments (e.g., high temperature, moisture) and electromagnetic interference. For data transfer a single-fiber asynchronous modem is used, which allows a distance between the computer and spectrometer of up to several hundred meters. 

Computer-controlled X-ray diffractometers are now available that automatically rotate a crystal and measure the diffraction from all angles. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern then makes it possible to measure the interatomic distance between any two atoms in a crystal. For molecular substances, this knowledge of interatomic distances indicates which atoms are close enough to form a bond. X-ray analysis thus provides a means for determining the structures of molecules (Figure 10.19). 

A small weather station is illustrated in Figure 3.181. Such stations are usually available in both the cabled and the wireless forms to provide all the information that is needed to control and optimize the various alternative energy processes. These units are usually preprogrammed to provide simple meteorological data, and to perform the complex calculation of ETo (evapo-transpiration). The microprocessor-based systems automatically measure the variables and store the data before transmitting it to a user-supplied remote PC over distances of up to about 10 mi. The units are usually provided with a rechargeable battery pack and a spread spectrum radio transceiver. 

Standard safety procedures include attention to such matters as intraline distances to minimize explosion propagation, cleanliness, nonsparking equipment and explosion-proof motors, and location in selected areas away from the heavily populated areas. The development of continuous processes for explosive manufacture that use extensive automatic controls and minimize in-line quantities has contributed significantly to decreasing the hazards of operations. 

Electrons move over long distances only under vacuum. The whole system, therefore, has to be operated under a vacuum of lO -lO hPa. The vacuum system consists of a rotary pump giving a vacuum up to 10 hPa combined with a water-cooled turbomolecu-lar pump leading to the desired high vacuum. In some instruments, an oil-diffusion pump is used instead of a turbomolecular pump. An automatic control ensures that the system cannot be run without water cooling and at a low vacuum level. 

The instrament Linomat 5 is fully controllable by the winCATS-Planar Chromatography Manager software. With this system, one can select various parameters, such as number of tracks, band length, and application volume sequence, x positions on the plates, track distances, as well as application methods. The instrument applies the samples onto a thin layer automatically however, only changing the sample, i.e., filling and rinsing the syringe, is carried out manually. ... 

There are two control rooms. One is near the nitrator house in a control bunker, another is further away in a remote control room at a safe distance. The latter is provided with instruments to start, supervise Redox, pM NG-water emulsion and a device to shut down the unit. Both control rooms are provided with TV sets. Signals between the two houses are both electric and pneumatic, although controls on the nitration unit are only pneumatic. The remote control room is operated in case of emergency and necessity or breakdown of the automatic system. 

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