Autochthonous species

This is done by covering the landfill with a layer of locally available soils and by planting them by autochthonous species. Paradoxically, wide-spreading of sanitary landfills in these countries may cause an increase of methane emissions. Implementation of mechanical barriers and waste compaction will improve conditions for methanogenesis (W CC, 2010). Thus, it is necessary to develop the infrastructure that enables the utilization of landfill gas. 

The Ebro catchment has the highest richness of autochthonous limnetic species in the Iberian Peninsula [51]. Salaria (blennius) fluviatilis, is common at the main channel and tributaries, and Chondrostoma toxostoma only occurs at the tributaries. Leuciscus cephalus is a fish of narrow distribution, found only at the Ebro river basin and other small catchments of NE Spain. Salmonids are common at the headwaters one species is native Salmo trutta and two introduced others, Salmo gairdneri and Salvelinus fontinalis. Part of the autocthonous species are endemic, for example the cyprinids Barbus graellsii and Barbus haasi, the cobitid C. calderoni with scattered and scarce populations [52] and A. iberus. 

The species dig holes at the bottom and slopes of lakes and canals, causing severe impacts on invaded ecosystems. In the Ebro River, the crayfish is considered responsible for the disappearance of native fauna such as newts, frogs, and the autochthonous crayfish. Furthermore, it affects economically the rice crops in the Delta [53]. 

Biodegradation Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by natural populations of microorganisms (such as many species of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts) represents one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants are eliminated from the environment. The biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbons in the environment is a long-term complex process, whose quantitative and qualitative aspects depend on the type, nature and amount of the oil or hydrocarbon present, the ambient and seasonal environmental conditions (such as temperature, oxygen, nutrients, water activity, sahnity, and pH), and the composition of the autochthonous microbial community. 

The overall distribution pattern of sediment types in the world s oceans depends on few elementary factors. The most important factor is the relative amount with which one particle species contributes to sediment formation. Particle preservation and eventual dilution with other sediment components will modify the basic pattern. The formation and dispersal of terrigenous constituents derived from weathering processes on the continents, as well as autochthonous oceanic-biogenic constituents, both strongly depend on the prevalent climate conditions, so that, in the oceans, a latitude-dependent and climate-related global pattern of sediment distribution will be the ultimate result. 

The caatinga constitutes the largest and most isolated nucleus of the SDTF. Historically, it has been considered as having a low number of species, and as poor in endemism at both the generic and the specific levels (Rizzini, 1963, 1979 Andrade-Lima, 1982). Following this view, it was proposed that the caatinga does not have an autochthonous flora, and that most of its elements were derived from the chaco and the Atlantic rain forest (Rizzini, 1963, 1979 Andrade-Lima, 1982). 

Such diversity at the species level has also been illustrated in studies using traditional microbiological culture. Focusing on Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., McCartney et al. (1996) showed that different individuals carry a unique collection of strains and that species and strain diversity differed between individuals. Similarly, Reuter (2001) reviewed the existing evidence on the composition of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium moieties of the gut microflora. Agreeing with other workers, Reuter (2001) described distinct populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria within individuals and identified species truly autochthonous to the gut, for example Lactobacillus gasseri, L. reuteri and a non-motile variant of I. ruminis (formally Catenabacterium catenaforme), while different combinations of bifidobacterial strains predominated in different age groups, notably, infants, compared with adult volunteers. 

The Lact. rhamnosus Species Autochthonous or Allochthonous in the Human Intestine ... 

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