Autoantibodies autoimmune disorder

Possible mechanisms need to be clarified. Since thyroid autoantibodies are detected in most patients who develop thyroid disorders, the induction or exacerbation of preexisting latent thyroid autoimmunity is the most attractive hypothesis. This is in accordance with the relatively frequent occurrence of other autoantibodies or clinical autoimmune disorders in patients who develop thyroid disorders (514). However, 20-30% of patients who develop thyroid diseases have no thyroid antibodies, and it is thus not yet proven that autoimmunity is the universal or primary mechanism. In fact, there were subtle and reversible defects in the intrathyroidal organification of... 

SLE is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the activation of T and polyclonal B lymphocytes, production of autoantibodies, and formation of immune complexes causing tissue and organ damage (A9). Abnormal Th cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (H15). Recent reports indicated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE patients show decreased in vitro production of Thl cytokines IL-2, IFN-y (F8), TNF-a (H14), and IL-12 (H13, L14, L15) with upregulation of Th2 cytokine IL-4 (F8) and IL-10 (L14). Such an imbalance of Th cytokines may account for the polyclonal B cell activation observed in SLE. An earlier report suggested that there was no relationship between in vitro production of Thl and Th2 cytokines and disease activity (B4), whereas other studies demonstrated that serum concentrations of Thl cytokines IL-12 (T6), TNF-a (D4), and IFN-y (A6) are significantly elevated in SLE patients. 

Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia may be either idiopathic or secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphomas, systemic lupus erythematosus, or other autoimmune disorders or infections. Warm autoantibodies are responsible for 48-70% of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia cases and may occur at any age due to the secondary causes, however, the incidence increases starting around 40 years of age. There is an approximate 2 1 female predilection, possibly due to the association with other autoimmune diseases. Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia presents as a haemolytic anaemia of varying severity. The symptoms are those of anaemia (i.e. weakness, dizziness, fatigue, pallor, oedema, and dyspnoea on exertion) and haemolysis (i.e. jaundice, dark urine, and splenomegaly). The laboratory evaluation shows a reduced... 

The cadherin desmoglein was first identified by an unusual, but revealing, skin disease called pemphi-iU gus vulgaris, an autoimmune disease. Patients with autoimmune disorders synthesize antibodies that bind to a normal body protein. In this case, the autoantibodies disrupt adhesion between epithelial cells, causing blisters of the skin and mucous membranes. The predominant autoantibody was shown to be specific for desmoglein indeed, the addition of such antibodies to normal skin induces the formation of blisters and disruption of cell adhesion.I... 

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. The humoral immune response is dominant in Graves hyperthyroidism, whereas cellular immune response is more dominant in hypothyroidism caused by chronic AITD (Marcocci and Chiovato, 2000). Thyroid autoantibodies are proteins manufactured by the immune system that are directed against proteins in the thyroid. Although nearly all patients with chronic... 

Immunologic Pegylated interferon is commonly associated with the development of autoantibodies and with autoimmune disorders in 4-19% of patients lupus-like syndrome has been reported in 0.15-0.7% of patients [11 ]. 

Association with other autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in frequencies analogous to the one seen in other autoimmune disorders (i.e. Myasthenia gravis, Lampert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome MG, LEMS). 

Association with other autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies... 

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease resulting from production of autoantibodies against AChR at the motor end plate, causing defects in neuromuscular transmission. Depending on the muscles affected a patient may develop dysphagia or respiratory failure [1]. The appearance of pathological forms of erythrocytes such as stomatocytes, echinocytes etc., in peripheral blood causes microcirculation disorders [2]. 

D16. Dorner, T., Trebeljahr, G., Goldner, B., Yamamoto, K., Apostoloff, E., and Hiepe, F., Detection of autoantibodies to Ro(SS-A), La(SS-B) and U1RNP in different congenital heart rhythm disorders using immunoblot and enzyme immunoassay. J. Autoimmun. 7, 93-106 (1994). 

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, also referred to as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is a bleeding disorder characterised by destruction of platelets. Antiplatelet autoantibodies are present, suggesting an autoimmune aetiology. These antibodies label the platelets for destruction by macrophages in the spleen. The condition may be acute or chronic. Acute ITP is the most common form and is found most often in children. Some cases are associated with recent viral infections and immunisations, notably the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Typically, the disease is transient with no evidence of vaccine-associated recurrence. The peak incidence occurs between the ages of... 

Addisons disease, results from progressive destruction or dysfunction of the adrenal glands by a local disease process or systemic disorder (Box 51-12), Worldwide, infectious diseases are the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency and include tuberculosis, fongal infections (histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis), and cytomegalovirus infections. Autoimmune adrenalitis accounts for more than 70% of cases reported in the Western world, with adrenal autoantibodies noted in more than 75% of cases,. The adrenal glands are atrophic, with loss of cortical cells but an intact medulla. Almost 50% of patients with autoimmune adrenalitis have an associated autoimmune disease with autoimmune thyroid disease the most common. 

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