Atrazine solid phase extraction

Figure 13.15 Chromatograms obtained by on-line ti ace enrichment of 50 ml of Ebro river water with and without the addition of different volumes of 10% Na2S03 solution for every 100 ml of sample (a) blank with the addition of 1000 p.1 of sulfite (b) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 1000 p.1 of sulfite (c) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 500 p.1 of sulfite (d) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes without sulfite. Peak identification is as follows 1, oxamyl 2, methomyl 3, phenol 4, 4-niti ophenol 5, 2,4-dinitrophenol 6, 2-chlorophenol 7, bentazone 8, simazine 9, MCPA 10, atrazine. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 803, N. Masque et ai, New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water , pp. 147-155, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Solid phase extraction Herbicides, pesticides Atrazine [39-41]... 

Figure 13.19 Chromatograms obtained by on-line SPE-GC-MS(SIM) of (a) 10 ml of tap water spiked with pesticides at levels of 0.1 ng 1 1 (b) 10 ml of a sample of unspiked tap water. Peak identification for (a) is as follows 1, molinate 2, a-HCH 3, dimethoate 4, simazine 5, atrazine 6, y-HCH 7, 8-HCH 8, heptachlor 9, ametryn 10. prometryn 11, fen-itrothion 12, aldrin 13, malathion 14, endo-heptachlor 15, a-endosulfan 16, tetrachlor-vinphos 17, dieldrin. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 818, E. Pocurull et al., On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection to determine pesticides in water , pp. 85-93, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 13.20 GC-FID chromatograms of an extract obtained by (a) SPE and, (b) IASPE of 10 ml of municipal waste water, spiked with 1 p,g l-1 of seven s-triazines (c) represents a blank run from IASPE-GC-NPD of 10 ml of HPLC water. Peak identification is as follows 1, atrazine 2, terbuthylazine 3, sebuthylazine 4, simetryn 5, prometryn 6, terbutryn 7, dipropetryn. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 830, J. Dalltige et al., On-line coupling of immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography for the determination of s-triazines in aqueous samples , pp. 377-386, copyright 1999, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Atrazine and metabolites Cyclohexyl solid-phase extraction cartridge used to separate atrazine from soil extract High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection [389-391]... 

MULDOON M T and STANKER L H (1997), Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction of atrazine from beef liver extracts , Anal Chem, 69, 803. 

Cai, Z., V. Ramanujam, D. Giblin, M. Gross, and R. Spalding (1993). Determination of atrazine in water at low- and sub-parts-per-tril-lion levels by using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 65(1) 21-26. 

Di Corcia, A., C. Crescenzi, E. Guerriero, and R. Samperi (1997). Ultratrace determination of atrazine and its six major degradation products in water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray/mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31 1658-1663. 

Nash, R.G (1990). Solid-phase extraction of carbofuran, atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and cyanazine from shallow well water. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 13 438 142. 

Sabik, H., S. Cooper, P. Lafrance, and J. Fournier (1995). Determination of atrazine, its degradation products and metolachlor in runoff water and sediments using solid-phase extraction. Talanta, 42(5) 717-724. 

Wells, M.J.M., D.D. Riemer, and M.C. Wells-Knecht (1994). Development and optimization of a solid-phase extraction scheme for determination of the pesticides metribuzin, atrazine, metolachlor and esfenvalerate in agricultural runoff water. J. Chromatogr. A, 659 337-348. 

Zahradnickova, H., P. Simek, P. Horicova, and J. Triska (1994). Determination of atrazine and simazine in drinking and surface waters by solid-phase extraction and high performance thin layer chromatography../. Chromatogr. A, 688 383-389. 

Gascon, J., A. Oubina, I. Ferrer, et al. 1996. Performance of two immunoassays for the determination of atrazine in sea water samples as compared with on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 330 41-51. 

Pichon, V. and Hennion, M. C., 1995. Comparison of sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of the highly polar degradation products of atrazine (including amme-line, ammelide, and cyanuric acid), J. Chromatog., 711 257-267. 

Capillary electrophoresis can also be used in a nonaqueous mode, where it is referred to as nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). An example from the literature is shown below where the techniques of NACE and HPLC have been compared for the determination of herbicides and metabolites in water samples. The target compounds were simazine (Sz), atrazine (Az), propazine (Pz), ametryn (Am), prometryn (Pm) and three metabolites deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA) and deethylatrazine (DEA). In both cases, an off-line solid phase extraction (SPE)... 

Loos, R. and Niessner, R., Analysis of atrazine, terbutylazine and their A-dealkylated chloro and hydroxy metabolites by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 835, 217-229, 1999. 

Trace concentrations of triazines in drinking water may be determined by U.S. EPA Method 525.2, which involves a solid-phase extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. Alternatively, such substances may be detected by GC/NPD following liquid-liquid extraction (U.S. EPA Method 507). Pinto and Jardim (2000) have described a method to measure triazine residues in water. Their method involves concentrating the samples with C-18 solid-phase extraction cartridges followed by HPLC analysis using a C-18 column with UV detection at 230 nm. The method was applied to measure atrazine, simazine, cyanazine, and ametryne in water at a detection level of O.l/irg/L. Zhou et al. (2006) used multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the adsorbents for preconcentration of triazines in water followed by their measurement by HPLC with a diode-array detector. The method was used to analyze atrazine and simazine in environmental waters. The authors have reported detection limits of 33 and 9 ng/L, respectively, for these two compounds under their optimal conditions. 

Solid-phase Extraction of Atrazine from Soil. This procedure was modified firom the method described by Hill and Stobbe (g). For studies involving spiked samples, atrazine standards in methanol were added to give the desired ng of atrazine per gram of dry soil, and the samples were dried again before extraction. Samples of 5 grams of U.S. Army Standard Soil were suspended in 10 ml of acetonitrile water 9 1, and the slurry was sonicated (30 min. 

Table II. Recoveiy of atrazine fay Ci solid-phase extraction, as a function of sample size.

GC/MS. About one-third of the pre-application samples and nearly all post-application samples were analyzed by GC/MS for 11 herbicides and 2 metabolites of atrazine. Herbicides and metabolites were Isolated by solid- phase extraction and analyzed by GC/MS (14). GC/MS analyses of the eluates were performed on a Hewlett Packard model 5890A gas chromatograph (Palo Alto, Calif.) and a 5970A mass selective detector (MSB). Thirty-one ions were selectively monitored, and the base-peak ion current was measured for the quantification curve as a function of the response of the mass 188 Ion of d Qphenanthrene. Confirmation was based upon... 

Other simulation experiments performed in our laboratory include design of MIP adsorbents for solid-phase extraction of atrazine [77], DDT, lindane, aflatoxin Bl, ochratoxin A, and tylosin (unpublished data) and the development of assay/ sensor recognition elements for biotin (unpublished data) and creatinine [78]. In all these cases, molecular modeling proved to be a useful tool for MIP design. It would... 

Figure 3 SPE-LC-APCI-MS chromatogram of 200 ml tap water spiked with 0.04 ng ml of pesticides and 0.05 ng ml IS tert-butylazine in positive-ion mode and dinoterb in negative-ion mode). Peak identification 1, bentazone 2, Vamidothion 3,4-nitrophenol 4, MCPA 5, mecoprop 6, dinoseb 7, atrazine 8, isoproturon 9, ametryn 10, malathion 11, fenotrothion 12, molinate 13, prometryn 14, terbutryn and 15, parathion-ethyl. (Reprinted with permission from Aguilar C, Ferrer I, Bormll F, Marce RM, and Barcelo D (1998) Comparison of automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and particle-beam mass spectrometry for the determination of a priority group of pesticides in environmental waters. Journal of Chromatography A 794 147-163 Elsevier.)...

C.A. Chavez, J.L. Guzman-Mar, L. Hinojosa-Reyes, A. Hemandez-Ramfrez, L. Ferrer, V. Cerda, Applicability of multisyringe chromatography coupled to on-line solid-phase extraction to the simultaneous determination of dicamba, 2,4-D, and atrazine. Anal Bioanal. Chem. 403 (2012) 2705—2714. 

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