Atomic mass spectrometry applications

I venture to say that the majority of practical chemometrics applications in analytical chemistry are in the area of instrument specialization. The need to improve specificity of an analyzer depends on both the analytical technology and the application. For example, chemometrics is often applied to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, due to the fact that the information in NIR spectra is generally non-specific for most applications. Chemometrics may not be critical for most ICP atomic emission or mass spectrometry applications because these techniques provide sufficient selectivity for most applications. On the other hand, there are some NIR applications that do not require chemometrics (e.g. many water analysis applications), and some ICP and mass spectrometry applications are likely where chemometrics is needed to provide sufficient selectivity. 

D. W. Roppenall, G. C. Eiden, C. J. Barinaga, Collision and reaction cells in atomic mass spectrometry development status and applications, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 19 (2004), 561-570. 

Part V covers spectroscopic methods of analysis. Basic material on the nature of light and its interaction with matter is presented in Chapter 24. Spectroscopic instruments and their components are described in Chapter 25. The various applications of molecular absorption spectrometric methods are covered in some detail in Chapter 26, while Chapter 27 is concerned with molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. Chapter 28 discusses various atomic spectrometric methods, including atomic mass spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. 

The chemical methods for detecting total strontium include spectrophotometry, fluorometry, kinetic phosphorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy (e.g., flame and graphite furnaces), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy atomic emission and mass spectrometry applications (i.e., ICP-AES and ICP-MS). 

See also Activation Analysis Neutron Activation. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Chemometrics and Statistics Expert Systems. Glasses. Microscopy Applications Forensic. Optical Spectroscopy Refractometry and Reflectometry. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. 

See alsa Air Analysis Outdoor Air. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Microwave-Induced Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Elemental Speciation Overview Practicalities and Instrumentation. Gas Chromatography Environmental Applications. Isotope Dilution Analysis. Isotope Ratio Measurements. 

See also Archaeometry and Antique Analysis Dating of Artifacts Metaiiic and Ceramic Objects. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry Time-of-Flight Stable Isotope Ratio Clinical Applications Environmental Applications Food Applications Forensic Applications. 

Table 11-1 list-s the most important types of atomic mass spectrometry. Historically, thermal ionization mass spectrometry and spark source mass spectrometry were the first mass spectrometric methods developed for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis, and these types of procedures still find applications, although they are now overshadowed by some of the other methods listed in Table 11-1, particularly inductively coupled plasma mass. spectrometry (fCPMS). 

For general treatments of atomic mass spectrometry, see j. R. A. De Laeier, Applications of Inorganic.Mass Speciromeiry.Hoboken.W Wiley Intcrscience, 2001 C. M. A. Barshick, D. C. A. Duckworth, and D. H. A. Smith, Inorganic Mass Spectrometry Fundamentals and Applications, Boulder. CO netLibrary. 2000. For general discussion of mas.s spectrometry. see E. A. de Hofl niann and V.. . Siroobant. Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications. 2nd ed.. Hoboken, NJ Wiley. 2002 J. T. Watson. Introduciion lo Ma.ss Spectrometry.. Ird ed.. New York Raven Press. 1997. 

Gerhch D. (2004) Applications of rf Helds and collision dynamics in atomic mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 19 581 590. 

Because of the complexity of the polyether antibiotics tittle progress has been made in stmcture determination by the chemical degradation route. X-ray methods were the techniques most successfully applied for the early stmcture elucidations. Monensin, X206, lasalocid, lysocellin, and salinomycin were included in nineteen distinct polyether x-ray analyses reported in 1983 (190). Use of mass spectrometry (191), and H (192) and nmr (141) are also reviewed. More recently, innovative developments in these latter techniques have resulted in increased applications for stmcture determinations. Eor example, heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (hmbc) and homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy were used to solve the stmcture of portimicin (14) (193). East atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used in solving the stmctures of maduramicin alpha and co-factors (58). 

The abundance of a trace element is often too small to be accurately quantihed using conventional analytical methods such as ion chromatography or mass spectrometry. It is possible, however, to precisely determine very low concentrations of a constituent by measuring its radioactive decay properties. In order to understand how U-Th series radionuclides can provide such low-level tracer information, a brief review of the basic principles of radioactive decay and the application of these radionuclides as geochronological tools is useful. " The U-Th decay series together consist of 36 radionuclides that are isotopes (same atomic number, Z, different atomic mass, M) of 10 distinct elements (Figure 1). Some of these are very short-lived (tj j 1 -nd are thus not directly useful as marine tracers. It is the other radioisotopes with half-lives greater than 1 day that are most useful and are the focus of this chapter. 

It is worth noting, prior to citing actual metal atom studies, the recent secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) on an argon matrix-isolated propene sample, demonstrating the applicability of SIMS analysis to the characterization of matrix-isolated species. The same group h s reported the first C NMR spectra of organic molecules trapped in an argon matrix. ... 

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