Atmospheric aerosols composition

Lundgren, D. A. Atmospheric aerosol composition and concentration as a function of particle size and of time. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 20 603-608, 1970. 

Poschl, U. (2005). Atmospheric aerosols Composition, transformation, climate and health effects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44,7520-7540. 

Variations in atmospheric aerosol compositions can be linked to aerosol dynamics through 1------ -----i- conservation of. species for the chemical components in the submicron... 

Dams R (1973) Analysis and interpretation of the inorganic atmospheric aerosol composition. Meded... 

Pueschel, R. F. (1995) Atmospheric aerosols. In Atmospheric aerosols Composition, chemistry, and climate of the atmosphere (Ed. H. B. Singh), Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 120-175... 

Atmospheric aerosols have a direct impact on earth s radiation balance, fog formation and cloud physics, and visibility degradation as well as human health effect[l]. Both natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the formation of ambient aerosol, which are composed mostly of sulfates, nitrates and ammoniums in either pure or mixed forms[2]. These inorganic salt aerosols are hygroscopic by nature and exhibit the properties of deliquescence and efflorescence in humid air. That is, relative humidity(RH) history and chemical composition determine whether atmospheric aerosols are liquid or solid. Aerosol physical state affects climate and environmental phenomena such as radiative transfer, visibility, and heterogeneous chemistry. Here we present a mathematical model that considers the relative humidity history and chemical composition dependence of deliquescence and efflorescence for describing the dynamic and transport behavior of ambient aerosols[3]. 

In exposures of humans to artificially generated aerosols, where the information is to be relevant to ambient aerosols, several factors are important the particle diameter distribution must be fairly constant and fall within size ranges typical for the given compound in the ambient air, the chemical composition of the aerosol must be stable and predictable, and the electric charge distribution of the aerosol must simulate that of normal atmospheric aerosols. 

Secondary , in Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol Source/Air Quality Relationships, E.S. Macias and P.K. Hopke, Eds., A.C.S. Symposium Series, 1981. 

Rahn, K. A. "The Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol", Technical Report, Grad. School of Oceanography, Unlv. of Rhode Island, July, 1976. 

Zinmeister, A.R. and Redman. T.C. (198Q). "A Time Series Analysis of Aerosol Composition Measurements," Atmospheric Environment, 14, 201. 

Macias, E.S. Radcliff, C.D. Lewis, C.W. Sawaki, C.R., Proton-Induced y-ray Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols for Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Composition, Anal. Chem., 1978, 5, 1120. 

The papers in this volume were presented at the ACS symposium Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol Source/Air Quality Relationships sponsored by the Divisions of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology and Environmental Chemistry. This combination reflects the interdisciplinary nature of much of this work which draws from such diverse fields as nuclear chemistry, chemical and mechanical engineering, environmental science and engineering, and applied math. 

Artaxo, P., F. Gerab, M. A. Yamasoe, and J. V. Martins, Fine Mode Aerosol Composition at Three Long-Term Atmospheric Monitoring Sites in the Amazon Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22857-22868... 

Noble, C. A., and K. A. Prather, Real-Time Size Measurement of Correlated Size and Composition Profiles of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles," Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2667-2680 (1996). 

Pilinis, C., S. N. Pandis, and J. H. Seinfeld, Sensitivity of Direct Climate Forcing by Atmospheric Aerosols to Aerosol Size and Composition, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18739—18754 (1995). 

Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of particles derived from diverse sources. Soot from diesel engines, fly ash from coal combustion, and sulfates, nitrates, and organic compounds produced by atmospheric reactions of gaseous pollutants all contribute to the aerosol. Particle size and composition depend upon the conditions of aerosol formation and growth and determine the effects of atmospheric aerosols on human health, ecosystems, materials degradation, and visibility. Much of the research on environmental aerosols has focused on fine particles ranging from a few micrometers in... 

Atmospheric aerosols are frequently assumed to be internal mixtures in which all particles of the same size are assumed to have the same composition. This interpretation is a natural outgrowth of the methods used to measure the distribution of chemical composition in aerosol systems and is... 

On-line measurements of the sulfur content of atmospheric aerosols have been made by removing gaseous sulfur species from the aerosol and then analyzing the particles for sulfur with a flame photometric detector (24) or by using an electrostatic precipitator to chop the aerosol particles from the gas so that the sulfur content could be measured by the difference in flame photometric detector response with and without particles present. These and similar methods could be extended to the analysis of size-classified samples to provide on-line size-resolved aerosol composition data, although the analytical methods would have to be extremely sensitive to achieve the size resolution possible in size distribution analysis. 

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