Internal mixtures

Hence such aerosols, internal mixtures, are usually not good representation for a polluted atmosphere containing particles from many different sources. 

Fig. 12 Time-torque curves for master batch preparations with XNBR and organoclay in the internal mixture at 160°C and 50 rpm rotor speed (a). Time-temperature curves for master batch preparations with XNBR and organoclay in the internal mixture at 160°C and 50 rpm rotor speed (b)...

Atmospheric aerosols are frequently assumed to be internal mixtures in which all particles of the same size are assumed to have the same composition. This interpretation is a natural outgrowth of the methods used to measure the distribution of chemical composition in aerosol systems and is... 

Andreae, M.O., Charlson, R.J., Bruynseels, F., Storms, H., Van Grieken, R. and Maenhaut, W. (1986) Internal mixture of sea salt, silicates and excess sulfate in marine aerosols. Science, 232, 1620-1623. 

Figure 2.2 Development of body concentrations for 2 chemicals having different toxicokinetics, leading to an internal mixture composition that varies with time and differs from the external mixture.

Values obtained with the UK 8-litre sphere apparatus, not with the IEC-apparatus. First value the most incendive internal mixture... 

McGraw, R. Wright, D. L. 2003 Chemically resolved aerosol dynamics for internal mixtures by the quadrature method of moments. Journal of Aerosol Science 34, 189-209. 

Otto-cycle gaseous-fuel engines are characterized by external or internal mixture formation and a timed ignition at a singular point, as, for example a spark plug. Most vehicle applications currently under development and testing fall into the... 

As shown in Fig. 8.25, the calorific value of the mixture within the cylinder, and therefore the engines power output, increases with internal mixture formation. 

The available fuel pressure for external mixture formation is usually significantly lower than with internal mixture formation. As a matter of fact the mixture of hydrogen and air takes place within the intake manifold and the available time for mixing will be comparatively long. This leads to low injection pressures in a range up to a maximum of 5 bar. 

Due to the above-discussed effects of a more efficient gas exchange, the measured in-cylinder pressure during the compression stroke is significantly higher with the hydrogen engine utilizing internal mixture formation. 

Aqueous dispersions of both polymers are mixed together in the latex process. Mixing can be carried out at lower shear gradients and temperatures than is the case for melt mixing. This is because of the lower viscosities of latices. The internal mixture structure of the latex particles remains more or... 

With solution mixing one proceeds from two independently produced polymers. The polymers are molecularly dissolved in each solution. An intimate distribution of molecules is obtained on mixing two compatible polymers. On the other hand, incompatible polymers demix already at very small concentrations and an additional fractionation according to molar mass can also occur. All attempts to maintain the internal mixture structure of solutions of incompatible polymers by rapid quenching of the state of disequilibrium have been unsuccessful. Phase separation of incompatible polymers is, of course, accelerated on distilling off the solvent because of the increase in the rate of diffusion. The solvent must be removed by freezing and sublimation or by distillation, whereupon the domain size may be increased, especially in the case of distillation. 

For the final selection of column internals, mixture behavior, operating conditions, characteristic performance figures, costs, pressure drop, and other criteria are important. Substantial criteria are listed in Table 2-31. 

Kim, PS White, JL. Comparison of Black Incorporation and Development of Dispersion in Intermishing and Separated Counter-Rotating Rotor Internal Mixtures. Kaut. Gummi Kunstst., 1996, Vol. 49, m 1,10-17. 

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