ASTM standard wetting

TABLE 33.1 Confidence Intervals for NREL and ASTM Standard Wet Chemical Methods... 

Finished zinc and zinc aHoys are usuaHy analyzed for metals other than zinc by emission spectroscopy and the zinc determined by difference. ASTM method E 27 describes a technique using a dissolved sample and photographic detection. The internal standard is the zinc line at 267.0 nm. However, procedures using soHd samples are generaHy preferred and photoelectric detection often replaces optical detection. Samples are cast and machined on the surface where the arc is stmck. Up to 15 elements can be determined in a few minutes by modem automatic spectrometers. ASTM gives wet chemical methods for metals other than zinc (79). 

Acrylic latex sealants. Basic acrylic latex sealant formulations were compounded in a sigma blade mixer, as shown in Table 3. The water-borne silanes were then incorporated into a base. Standard wet and dry peel adhesion determinations from various substrates were performed periodically in accordance with ASTM C794-8. 

Materials (ASTM).94 In addition, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory95 (NREL) has developed and validated a collection of standard laboratory analytical procedures specifically for the compositional analysis of biomass including, but going beyond those of the ASTM. These wet chemical methods of analysis are based on the fractionation of the biomass sample and the isolation of purified fractions that can be quantified using conventional analytical instruments.96 These methods are primarily used in feedstock-specific portfolios containing analysis methods for each of the relevant constituents. In most cases, these portfolios enable the identification and quantification of greater than 95 percent of the dry mass of biomass feedstock and biomass-derived materials. 

Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibration of testing sieves are contained in ASTM STP447B [7]. Contents include analytical methods, information relating to wire mesh, perforated plate and micromesh sieves, dry and wet testing and other methods. This publication also contains a list of all published ASTM standards on sieve analysis... 

A standard wet chemical analysis (ASTM D-811) is available for determination of aluminum, barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, tin, and zinc. The procedure involves a series of chemical separations with specific elemental analysis performed by using appropriate gravimetric or volumetric analyses. 

Note of the author The above ASTM procedure indicated (1. Scope) that the test method is not intended for use on wet surfaces. This follows from the definition of the static coefficient of friction according to which the two surfaces should be in direct contact with each other, and nothing, including water, should be between them, on the interface. Therefore, by NBS definition (US National Bureau of Standards, now National Institnte of Standards and Technology), all static friction meters mnst be nsed on dry, clean snrfaces. Formally, static coefficient of friction cannot be determined on a wet deck. That is why the ASTM standard F 1679, described below, and applicable to wet snrfaces, does not mention coefficient of friction, but only slip resistance and slip index. 

Products for Use under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000. 

Current methods for sampling and analysis are known to be problematic and prone to error. Several wet chemical impinger-based methods have been approved for the determination of total Hg in flue gas. These include US EPA method 29 and lOlA. More recently, diese methods have been modified to enable the speciation of particulate, oxidized, and elemental mercury. The most commonly used procedure is the ASTM Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (D 6784-02) known as the Ontario Hydro Method. This method was developed by public consultation with ASTM membership. 

In this chapter, an overview of performance characterization of FRP-wood bonded interfaces by conventional and fracture mechanics tests [4- 7] is presented. Modified ASTM standard tests (ASTM D2559 and D905) are first used to study the service performance and shear strength of the bond under moisture and/or mechanical loads, and then a contoured or tapered double cantilever beam specimen [8] is used to evaluate the fracture toughness of bonded interfaces under dry and wet conditions and cyclic loading. 

Pulsed Laser Phosphorimetry. This is the basis for an ASTM standard test method for measurement of total uranium in water following wet ashing when impurities or suspended materials are present (D5174 2013). 

ASTM Standard D 1412 provides a means of estimating the bed moisture of either wet coal showing visible surface moisture or coal that may have lost some moisture. It may be used for estimating the surface moisture of wet coal, i.e., the difference between total moisture, as determined by ASTM Standard D 271, and equihbrium moisture. 

Standard Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric Corrosion Testing. Aimual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken, Pa. American Society for Testing of Materials. 1999 03(02) G84-89. 

As mentioned above, coating thickness is found to affect many of the properties of coatings, and therefore, must be measured accurately. There is a variety of methods to measure both dry and wet film thickness, both non-destructive and destructive. An in-depth discussion of all the possible methods is beyond the scope of this chapter, so we shall only mention the main techniques and direct the reader to the appropriate references. A comprehensive review article covers many methods for organic coating thickness measurement [61], and many techniques are covered in the ASTM standards. 

Several ASTM standards give methods of pavement testing and methods of result calculation. A British pendulum tester is used to measure surface frictional properties. The pendulum slider is positioned in contact with the tested surface which was previously thoroughly cleaned and wetted. A rubber slider gliding on the surface causes a swing of the drag point, which increases with surface fiic-... 

Tensile strength was drtermined using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Model 4502, Instron Corporation, Canton, MA) with a cross head speed of 5 mm/min. Specimens were tested in a dry state for the control samples following the ASTM standard procedure and the wet state for the rest of the samples. 

In determining the purity or percentage of lead in lead and lead-base alloys, the impurities or minor components are deterrnined and the lead content calculated by difference. Quality control in lead production requires that the concentration of impurities meet standard ASTM specifications B29 (see Table 7). Analyses of the individual impurities are performed using various wet chemical procedures and instmmental methods such as emission spectroscopy. 

Odor. Det odor in accordance with ASTM D1296. In this test strips of filter paper are dipped into specimen and reference standards, and odor comparisons are made of characteristic odor when the strips are wet, and residual odor remaining after the strips appear dry. If an odor persists on the sample paper after the point in time when no odor is detectable on the standard paper, the odor is reported as residual ... 

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