ARTIFICIAL VEIN

The microdialysis sampling process which allows the monitoring of small molecules in circulation within an animal, is an example. An artificial capillary is placed in the tissue region of interest, and a sample is coUected via dialysis. In the case of a laboratory animal such as a rat, a probe is placed in the jugular vein under anesthesia. Elow rates ate of the order of 1 p.L/min. 

An important development towards the artificial kidney was achieved by Dr. Belding Scribner in 1960, who devised a U -shaped shunt implanted through the skin between an artery and vein to access the blood stream to perform routine dialysis (Ratner, 2004). Dr. Scribner made use of Teflon tubes to access the vessels and provides a nonstick surface for the transport of blood. The Scribner shunt has allowed more than one million patients to survive from kidney failure. 

In many species, the entire gland is located such that it may be readily excised intact and undamaged. An artificial blood supply may be connected to cannulated veins and arteries (Figure 1.6) if desired, the blood supply may be passed through an artificial kidney. The entire mammary gland may... 

The blood of the patient, withdrawn from an artery near the wrist, is allowed to flow through the blood circuit, which includes the dialyzer, usually a blood pump plus monitoring instruments, and is returned to a nearby vein. The connections to the blood vessels are made via the so-called subcutaneous arteriovenous shunt this involves an artificial tube that connects the artery and vein underneath the wrist skin. 

This word chrysocolla of the ancients, which denotes malachite, was not confined to that mineral, as appears particularly from the extended description of Pliny. He mentions the substance dug from the mines in proximity to gold, but he also states that it is a liquid found in the shafts of mines—a slime hardened by the cold of winter till it haB the hardness of pumice. The most valued is from copper mines, the next best from silver mines, and that from the gold mines is inferior. In the mines also an artificial chrysocolla is made by allowing water to percolate into the veins during the winter and spring, and evaporating these in July and August. 

Mouse models are critical for the discovery and development of novel therapeutics and to understand the mechanism(s) of metastasis (see Note 1). Commonly, two different models of metastasis are utilized the first is experimental or artificial metastases, in which tumor cells are injected intravenously or via the left ventricle both of which circumvent part of the metastatic process. As a generality, the first capillary bed encountered by the injected cells provides the site for experimental metastasis. Thus, following lateral tail vein injection, pulmonary metastases are observed in rodents. This contrasts with the profile of metastases observed following injection of the left ventricle which results in hepatic metastases, as well as, potentially bone marrow and brain metastases. 

The test of BASYC tubes as small-vessel prosthesis for other artificial pipehnes (arteries, veins, lymph, and urine leading vessels) is under progress. Initial results of the implantation of BASYC material into jugular veins of 10 white rats showed no complications such as wall-proliferation, stenosis or thrombosis. A normal blood flow through the interposition as well as the formation of connective tissue around it were detectable 4 and 12 weeks, respectively, after the operation [124]. 

Y. Hiyoshi, W. H. Perkin, discoverer of the first artificial purple dye, mau-veine, and following studies , Kagakushi Kenkyu, 1994, 21, 345-357. 

A less valuable sort also with an element of gold is also found in lead mines. In all these mines however an artificial variety is produced that is much inferior to the natural kind referred to the method is to introduce a gentle flow of water into the vein all winter and go on till the beginning of June and then to dry it off in June and July, clearly showing that gold solder is nothing else than the putrefaction of a vein of metal... 

Intratracheal Any chemical substance injected into the trachea Intravenous Any chemical substance injected into a vein of an animal or a human In vitro Studies carried out in isolation from living organisms a process occurring in a test tube isolated from the living organism and artificially maintained, as in a test tube... 

This copper is obtained from veins in the mines, where there is abundance of pyrites, or marcasite, which beget the various natural species of vitriol, copperstone, copperas, inkstone, tufty, etc. Out of copper ore when it is melted there are obtained the several varieties of artificial Cadmia,... 

An artificial kidney is a device that removes water and waste metabolites from blood. In one such device, the hollow fiber hemodialyzer, blood flows from an artery through the insides of a bundle of hollow cellulose acetate fibers, and dialyzing fluid, which consists of water and various dissolved salts, flows on the outside of the fibers. Water and waste metabolites—principally urea, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphate ions—pass through the fiber walls into the dialyzing fluid, and the purified blood is returned to a vein. 

Cats (both sexes, 3-4.5 kg) were used throughout these experiments. The jugular vein and trachea of anaesthetized animals were cannulated for the i.v. administration of the poison and drugs, and artificial respiration, respectively. The m. tibialis anterior and n. ischiadicus were prepared according a technique described previously [8, 9, 10], The amplitude of contractions of tibial muscle after stimulation of ischiadic nerve was recorded. The animals premedicated with 5 mg/kg atropine, were intoxicated with 0.18 mg/kg Soman (15 LD50) i.v. The oximes were administrated 1 min after the full block of transmission (NMT). 

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