Arsenic vesicants liquids

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T have marked antiseptic properties, chloramine-T being most frequently used because of its solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of chloramine-T can be used either for external application, or for internal application to the mouth, throat, etc, as chloramine-T in moderate quantities is non-toxic its aqueous solution can also be effectively used when the skin has come in contact with many of the vesicant liquid poison-gases, as the latter are frequently organic sulphur or arsenic derivatives which combine with or are oxidised by chloramine-T and are thus rendered harmless. 

For military purposes, unmodified arsenic vesicants are classified as persistent. However, agent vapors rapidly react with high humidity to lose most of their vesicant properties. Limited solubility slows the hydrolysis of liquid agents. Some hydrolysis products are highly toxic and extremely persistent (see Section 4.4.5). Evaporation rates range from near that of water down to that of light machine oil. 

Because of the extreme dermal hazard posed by arsenic vesicants, responders should wear a Level A protective ensemble whenever there is a potential for exposure to any liquid agent, or to an elevated or unknown concentration of agent vapor. 

Medical Management Immediate decontamination after exposure is the only way to prevent damage to victims, followed by symptomatic management of lesions. Hospital care tends to be supportive. It should be repeated that liquid arsenical vesicants produce more serious lesions on dermal surfaces than do liquid mustard. In toxic victims, liberal fluids by mouth or intravenous, and high-vitamin, high-protein, high-carbohydrate diets could be indicated. For those victims where shock is in evidence, provide the usual supportive measures such as intravenous administration, blood transfusions, or other vascular volume expanders should be indicated. 

LDsqS for skin exposure to liquid Arsenical Vesicants are as low as 2.8 gm per individual. 

Arsenical Vesicants are colorless to brown liquids. These agents generally have fruity or flowery odors although pure materials may be odorless. Agents can be thickened with various substances to increase their persistency and dermal hazard. When thickened, agents have a consistency similar to honey. 

Arsenical Vesicants are persistent agents. However, agent vapors rapidly react with high humidity to lose most of their vesicant properties. Limited solubility slows the hydrolysis of liquid agents. 

Vapors from Arsenical Vesicants have a density greater than air and tend to collect in low places. Liquids are persistent but are rapidly decomposed by water. These agents are absorbed into porous material, including painted surfaces, and these materials could continue to re-release vapor after exposure has ceased. Agent vapor is rapidly decomposed by moisture in the air. The rate of hydrolysis of liquid agents is limited by their low solubility in water. The liquid density of these agents is greater than that of water. 

Liquids Lewisite can be detected by M8 paper and all Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M9 paper. 

Sulfur/Arsenical Vesicants are liquids. Agents may be colorless when pure, but are generally amber to black. These agents generally have an odor similar to onions, garlic, or horseradish. 

Liquids Some, but not all components of Sulfur/Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M8 paper. All components of Sulfur/Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M9 papers. The APD 2000 provides semi-quantitative identification of sulfur mustard/Lewisite mixtures. Colorimetric tubes are available which can detect thioethers, organic arsenic compounds as well as arsine (AsHg). Detection with PIDs or PIDs may be possible. Detection and identification with FT-IR is possible provided that the appropriate reference spectra are available. 

Liquids Lewisite can be detected by M8 paper and all Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M9 paper. Arsenical Vesicants can also be detected by the MM-1 in the FOX NBC Reconnaissance System. 

B. Eyes. Liquid arsenical vesicants cause severe damage to the eye. Liquid arsenical vesicants instantly produce a gray scarring of the cornea, like an acid bum, at the point of contact. 

E. Systemic Effects. Liquid arsenical vesicants on the skin, as well as inhaled vapor, are absorbed and may cause systemic poisoning. A manifestation of this is a change in capillary permeability, which permits loss of sufficient fluid from the bloodstream to cause hemoconcentration, shock, and death. 

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