Mustard/Lewisite Mixture

Mustard-lewisite mixture (HL) is a variable mixture of HD and L. The mixture ratio varies according to weather conditions during an operation. L is added to the HD to increase volatility and to lower the freezing point of HD to permit cold-weather application. 

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Chapter 1 Blister Agents MUSTARD - LEWISITE MIXTURE - HL... 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. "Blister Agents Lewisite (L) and Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL) ToxFAQs." April 2002. 

Williams, Kenneth E. Detailed Facts About Blister Agent Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine,... 

Thioether. Mustard agent received its name because of garlic, horseradish, or mustard odor that can be detected by smell. The human nose can detect mustard (H, HD) in concentrations of 0.6 to 1.0 mg/m3. It must be understood that until recently, the U.S. military had no automatic vapor/liquid detection capability. Therefore, alert soldiers would most likely smell the agent vapor before encountering the liquid (after release, H or HD appears as a thick, colorless or pale yellow liquid HL, or mustard/lewisite mixture, appears as a dark oily cloud that can be detected visually). 

Mustard-Lewisite mixture is a liquid mixture of distilled mustard (HD) and Lewisite. Due to its low freezing point, the mixture remains a liquid in cold weather and at high altitudes its low freezing point make it better for ground dispersal and aerial spraying. The mixture with the lowest freezing point consists of 63 percent Lewisite and 37 percent mustard. 

Mustard-lewisite mixture (HL) distilled mustard (HD) combined with lewisite (L)... 

Sulfur mustard is a component of the H-series blister agents including undistilled sulfur mustard (H sulfur mustard with 20-30% impurities, also known as Levinstein mustard), distilled sulfur mustard (HD or HS 96% pure), a mustard-lewisite mixture (HL), and HD/agent T mixture (HT a mixture of HD and nonvolatile agent T), and an HD/agent Q mixture (HQ a mixture of HD and nonvolatile Agent Q (Agent Q is also known as sesquimustard). 

Mustard-lewisite mixture Liquid Incapacitation ID50 = 200 by eye 1,500-2,000 by skin Rapid acting skin irritation blisters in 13 hours... 

Nitrogen and Sulfur Mustards, Lewisite, and Mustard-Lewisite Mixture... 

Table 3.7 Health effects of lewisite and mustard-lewisite mixture...

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Medical Management Guidelines. Blister Agents Lewisite (L) (C H AsClj) Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL) http //www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ MHMI/mmgl63.html. Last accessed 4/15/06... 

Liquids Some, but not all components of Sulfur/Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M8 paper. All components of Sulfur/Arsenical Vesicants can be detected by M9 papers. The APD 2000 provides semi-quantitative identification of sulfur mustard/Lewisite mixtures. Colorimetric tubes are available which can detect thioethers, organic arsenic compounds as well as arsine (AsHg). Detection with PIDs or PIDs may be possible. Detection and identification with FT-IR is possible provided that the appropriate reference spectra are available. 

CMECB HIIPHTA C J1IOH3HTOM (Russian for a mustard/lewisite mixture) — CIO 153... 

HL Sulphur mustard/lewisite mixture Bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulphide/ dichloro-(2-chlorovinyl)arsine N/A6... 

Mustard/lewisite mixture. Used to lower the mp of mustard to facilitate use in cold conditions. 

Anderson, D.W., M.S. Sandford, and S. Kirkpatrick. 2003. Decomposition of sulfur mustard and sulfur mustard/lewisite mixture in an electric cylinder furnace. Proceedings of the 2003 Chemical Weapons Demil Conference (CD). Porton Down, England Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. 

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