Arsenic applications

See also Lead storage battery antimony battery grids, 3 52 arsenic applications, 3 271 assembly, 3 539-540 barium in, 3 349... 

People have been concerned with the health and appearance of their skin throughout history. Egyp>-tian physicians used arsenic applications to treat skin cancer and sandpaper to smooth scars. Queen Cleopatra was known for her cosmetic knowledge. Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) and William Shakespeare s plays contain numerous references to unsightly skin afflictions, such as boils, carbuncles, and scabs. Not surprisingly, their... 

CHjSH CHSH-CHjOH. Usually obtained as an oil, m.p. 77 C. Developed as an antidote to poisoning by organic arsenicals by external application, it is of use in poisoning by Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd but not Pb. It acts by forming a chelate with the metal and so removing it from the system. 

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T have marked antiseptic properties, chloramine-T being most frequently used because of its solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of chloramine-T can be used either for external application, or for internal application to the mouth, throat, etc, as chloramine-T in moderate quantities is non-toxic its aqueous solution can also be effectively used when the skin has come in contact with many of the vesicant liquid poison-gases, as the latter are frequently organic sulphur or arsenic derivatives which combine with or are oxidised by chloramine-T and are thus rendered harmless. 

Other Applications. Polyacrylamides are used in many additional appUcations including soil modification (138), dust control (139,140), humidity control (141), protein purification (142), removal of barium from wastewater (143), and removal of arsenic from hydrocarbons (144). Polyacrylamides have been used for many years in sugar manufacture and textile treatment. 

A. H. Landrock, Polyurethane Foams Technology Properties and Applications, Report 37, Plastic Technical Evaluation Center, Picatiuny Arsenal, Dover, N.J., 1969. 

Semiconductor Applications. A limited but important demand for metaUic arsenic of 99.99% and greater (exceeding 99.999 + %) purities exists in semiconductor appHcations (see Semiconductors). This high purity arsenic may be prepared by the reduction of a highly purified arsenic compound using a high purity gaseous or soHd reductant. 

W. H. Lederer and R. J. Pensterheim, eds.. Arsenic Industrial, Biomedical, Environmental Perspectives, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., N.Y., 1983. R. Reddy, ed. Arsenic Metallurgy-Fundamental and Applications, The Metallurgical Society (AIME), Warrendale, Pa., 1988. 

The reactions can also be initiated tlrrough the application of a shock wave from a mechanical source, and syntlresis of GaAs has been achieved without any external heating, which would lead to arsenic evaporation, being applied to the mixture of the elements. 

The SNMS instrumentation that has been most extensively applied and evaluated has been of the electron-gas type, combining ion bombardment by a separate ion beam and by direct plasma-ion bombardment, coupled with postionization by a low-pressure RF plasma. The direct bombardment electron-gas SNMS (or SNMSd) adds a distinctly different capability to the arsenal of thin-film analytical techniques, providing not only matrbe-independent quantitation, but also the excellent depth resolution available from low-energy sputterii. It is from the application of SNMSd that most of the illustrations below are selected. Little is lost in this restriction, since applications of SNMS using the separate bombardment option have been very limited to date. 

Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in spraying and application of) (Vol. 53 1991) Polychlorinated biphenyls [1336-36-3] (Vol. 18, Suppl. 7 1987)... 

As widi arsenic, semiconductor grade Sb is prepared by chemical reduction of highly purified compounds AlSb, GaSb and InSb have applications in infrared devices, diodes and Hall-effect devices. ZnSb has gootl themioelectric properties. Applications of various conipounjs of Sb will be mentioned when die compounds tbemselves are discussed. 

Since the corresponding nitro derivative is not always available, other oxidants have also found application—e.g. arsenic pentoxide. 

The above method is applicable directly to all oils containing above 50 per cent, of cineol in oils containing lower proportions of cineol the precipitate is not solid enough to permit convenient handling and if the cineol-content drops below 25 per cent, the separation of cineol arsenate is not quantitative. It was found that the addition of an equal volume of eucalyptol to such oils (i.e. mixing 5 c.c. of the oil with 5 c.c. of eucalyptol) successfully overcomes this difficulty it then only becomes necessary to subtract from the volume of cineol, as observed in the neck of the flask, 5 c.c., and to multiply the difference by 10, in order to obtain the percentage of cineol in the oil. 

Excellent results are obtained by the following method, which is of wider applicability. When excess of standard sodium arsenite solution is treated with hydrogen sulphide solution and then acidified with hydrochloric acid, arsenic(III) sulphide is precipitated ... 

Casey, Facility Design Reviews Program for Munitions Production Base Modernization and Expansion, Status Report , PATM 2178 (1975) 33) B.W. Jezek et al, Applications of Suppressive Shielding in Hazardous Operation Protection , Rept No EM-TR-76008, Edgewood Arsenal, APG (1975) 34) W.F. Nekevis et... 

The principle small arms application of military pyrotechnics is in tracer munitions, where they serve as incendiaries, spotters and as fire control. A thorough review of tracer munition design was prepared by Frankford Arsenal (Ref 33) ... 

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