Archival materials specifications

In summary, for monitoring the phosphorylation state of a tissue, highly sensitive detection provides an effective alternative to conventional detection, especially for archival material in which the fixation process is not controlled sufficiently compared with experimental material such as xenografts. The selection and validation of the phosphorylation-specific antibody used are also key processes for obtaining reliable histological information. 

Immunohistochemistry, on the other hand, enables identification of activated caspases or their cleaved products in fixed archival tissue sections. This technique allows identification of cell(s) undergoing caspase activation, as well as analysis of the distribution of cell(s) in the tissue. Specific antibodies to various caspases are now commercially available, the most frequently studied being caspase-3. Studies in various human tissues and cells have shown that immunohistochemical detection of activated caspase-3 is a useful tool for identifying apoptotic cells in archival material, even before all of the morphological features of apoptosis occur [84-86]. Several target proteins cleaved by caspases can also be detected by immunohistochemistry for example PARP [87], actin [88, 89], and lamin B [90]. 

Dielectric and microwave energy of the appropriate frequency can transfer energy directly via radiation (2,3,4) without an intermediate transfer medium. This energy transfer and application can raise the temperature of an object more uniformly than the conduction and convection methods. More specifically, use of either dielectric (5) or micro-wave (6) radiation to interact directly with water molecules had the potential to accelerate the thawing and drying of our frozen, flood-damaged library and archival materials. 

NEDCC is located in Abbot Hall on the campus of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. It is the only regional center in the country specifically oriented to conservation of library and archival materials as opposed to museum collections. Having begun life in the basement of the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum, we are pleased that we now have windows on all four sides. We have a large, spacious paper conservation laboratory, and specialized equipment such as our Israeli-made leaf caster. This is used to fill losses in book pages or documents and to reinforce crumbled edges. 

A speciality TMA is designed with a specific project in mind. These TMAs suffer from the major drawback that they require a significant investment of time and effort for a single project. An alternative solution to the customized TMA construction approach is a modular approach, where existing TMAs can be used to complement each other. Another important concern is the utilization of scarce resources. This is specifically significant when evaluating cases with extensive follow-up information as well as foci of metastatic disease. Metastatic tissue samples are not readily available in department of pathology archival materials, and they should be used only for validated projects. 

Specifically, the archival material used as the basis of this study includes the asylum sites themselves, as artifacts that are revelatory of 19th century attitudes to land and the cure of mental illness. As such, it is in keeping with the work of medical geographers such as Chris Philo (1987, 1995, 2004) and Hester Parr (2007) Parr, Philo, and Burns (2003) who examine the geographical and physical characteristics of asylum sites in order to explore the history and experience of mental illness. 

Archival piping material taken from the retired SRS reactors has been tested for mechanical properties. The tests have provided baseline data for irradiated and corrosion-prone material specific to the PWS service conditions. The data (Reference 53) indicated that the stainless steel remained tough and ductile under the operating conditions. 

Archived electronic data are to be treated no differently to archived paper data. An archivist should be assigned, access should be limited to authorized personnel, data should be archived at the completion of the study, and all material should be indexed to permit expedient retrieval. Depending on the medium used for storage, an area within the facility may be needed with specific environmental controls to maintain the integrity of electronic data. This should be specified in the data storage SOPs. Environmental conditions need to be monitored in the archives where electronic media are stored. 

QA/QC laboratories. The QA/QC lab is responsible for the testing of feedstocks and raw materials, process intermediates, and finished goods, and may, in addition, be responsible for the development of standards for materials, processes, and procedures. The QA/QC lab is usually characterized by the routine, repetitive nature of its workload. Testing is primarily to specification and, where lot acceptance or rejection is involved, is often on a grade category or pass/fail basis. Data may be archived for compliance with regulatory directives and for analyses of trends In material or process performance. 

If an off-site area is used to house the archives, whether owned or rented by the testing facility or operated by a commercial archival service, the on-site archives must contain specific reference to the materials that are stored off-site and the location of the alternate storage site(s). 

Several types of the early Solar System materials are available for laboratory analysis (see Chapter 1 and Table 1.1 and Fig. 1.1). Each material has unique characteristics and provides specific constraints on the chemistry of the solar nebula. Major components of this sample are meteorites, fragments of asteroids, that serve as an excellent archive of the early Solar System conditions. Primitive chondritic meteorites contain glassy spherical inclusions termed chondrules, some of the oldest solids in the Solar System. Most chondrites were modified by aqueous alteration or metamorphic processes in parent bodies but there are some chondrites that are minimally altered (un-equilibrated chondrites, UCs). They have yielded a wealth of information on the chemistry, physics, and evolution of the young Solar System. 

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