Archival considerations

Clearly, the intended use of a collection item is extremely important to determining the acceptabiHty of a treatment. The degree to which a treatment affects appearance is obviously of the greatest importance for an art object. On the other hand, in natural history collections the collections serve as research resources above all. The effect a preservation or conservation treatment has on these research appHcations is the main consideration. Collections of art, archaeology, history, science, technology, books, archival materials, etc, all have their own values in terms of balance between preservation needs and collections use, and these values are, moreover, constantly subject to reevaluation and change. 

Essentially, the eCTD is a transport format for facilitating electronic submissions. The eCTD serves as an interface for industry-to-agency transfer of regulatory information while at the same time, taking into consideration the facilitation of the creation, review, life cycle management, and archival of the electronic submission. The eCTD specification lists the criteria that will make an electronic submission technically valid. The eCTD represents a major advance in the submission of information to support an NDA. In the future, companies may be able to send their submissions to several regulatory authorities simultaneously with a single stroke of a computer key. 

With these considerations in mind, sketch out a move structure for your abstract. Estimate how much space you will devote to each move and which move(s) will be assigned the most and ieast importance. For guidance, consider browsing through the Technical Program Archive of past national meetings on the ACS Web site. 

We reiterate that both homoaromaticity and aromaticity are more pronounced in ions than in related neutrals. In the tour-de-force of computational theory, S. Sieber, P. v. R. Schleyer, A. H. Otto, J. Gauss, F. Reichel and D. Cremer [7. Phys. Org. Chem., 6,445 (1993)] document considerable homoaromatic stabilization of the cyclobutenyl cation. Yet the difference of the enthalpy of formation they calculate from their quantum chemical cations, 1021 kj mol-1, is only 54 kJmol-1 lower than that archivally recommended for the cyclopropenium ion [S. G. Lias,... 

Consideration should be given to periodic revalidation to ensure the computerized operation remains capable of achieving the intended results. The extent of revalidation will depend upon the nature of the changes and how they affect the different aspects of the previously validated computerized operation. Unless circumstances demand, revalidation does not necessarily mean a full repeat of the validation life cycle. As appropriate, partial requalification may be acceptable. For instances in which new qualification testing is undertaken it is advisable to retain the original qualification summary reports in the validation file or quality system archives, marked superseded with cross-reference to the new documents. 

The protection of records by archiving must include taking into consideration the rate of degradation of the electronic images, and the availability of the devices and software needed to access the records. 

In the management of any resource a key consideration is Return Options on Investment, i.e., in this case, it is of little value to cheaply store/archive mouse strains in a format which makes their recovery prohibitively expensive and/or unpredictable (see Table 2.1 for summary of approaches). While at the same time it is not viable to invest large sums into the archiving of strains if the likelihood of them ever being wanted at a later date is small or totally unknown. 

Conclusion For the librarian and the archivist, who must operate from an essentially practical concern for the storage of archival materials, the stabilization of moisture sorption properties of paper as a result of humidity cycling and mechanistic considerations... 

The most immediate impact of the world wide web has been to make available catalogues of libraries and archives of major academic and other institutions. Thus precious, and still essential, research trips to facilities distant from a scholar can be well planned and efficiently executed. As national and international digitization projects112 come to fruition over the next decade, the experience of engaging with collections is likely to change considerably as it will become possible for materials to travel to scholars rather than essential for scholars to travel to all materials. Already, many journals in the field have online as well as paper versions, while some journals are now available only online. 

Babigian, H., Guttmacher, L. (1984). Epidemiologic considerations in electroconvulsive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 246-253. 

According to the Slovenian historian Tone Ference,84 the upper extermination area, which is said to have been within the camp area of Treblinka II, covered an area of about 172,000 sq.ft. however, to forestall any objections on this score, we shall base our further considerations on the size of the extermination area indicated by the archival plan, namely about 193,700 sq.ft. This area held not only burial pits and the material dug up in the course of their excavation, but gas chambers and other buildings as well. If one accepts the 875,000 dead mentioned in the Jerusalem Trial of John... 

Naden left Mason College in 1887, but unfortunately died in 1889, as her obituarist described "... after coming into the possession of a considerable fortune, she travelled throughout the Middle-East and South Asia. She contracted Indian demon-fever never completely recovered. During the last year, she lectured at Dartford on Women s Suffrage. 94(a) A bust of Naden overlooks the archives room of the University of Birmingham. 

This chapter mostly emphasizes materials, procedures, and products for the creation, repair, and storage of records. This aspect is only part of the picture, as records materials are only the media for storage, retrieval, and use of information. Although we are aware of the need for, and of considerable activity in, areas such as buildings, equipment, automation, and archival arrangement and description, these subject areas are left to others who are more competent to address them. Technical standards for library and information science were covered in Library Trends (I), international standards for archives were discussed by Rhoads (2), and the general subject of standards for libraries and archives was developed by Clark (3). 

The economic benefits of standards can be considerable. To the archival community these benefits would be difficult to express in bookkeeping terms because the budget would not be appreciably different before and after standards. The benefits would accrue in the use of more stable materials, less need for repair in the future, and the presence of a focal point for gradual improvement in the conservation area. 

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