Aralia

Acanthopanax ricinifolius Seem. (Kalopanax ricinifolius [Sieb. Zucc.] Miq, Kalopanax pictus [Thunb.] Nakai, Acer pictum [Thunb], Acanthopanax ricinifolium [Sieb. Zucc.] Seem, Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz. var septemlobus, Panax ricinU folium Siebold Zucc, Kalopanax ricinifolium Miq, Kalopanax pictum Nakai), or prickly ginseng, castor Aralia, prickly castor oil tree, or tzu ch iu shu (Chinese), is a deciduous tree that grows to 25 m in Siberia, Korea, Japan, and China. The bark is gray mottled with yellowish-white the stems are thorny and the leaves simple and palmate (Fig. 67). 

Eine gewisse Ahnlichkeit von CIII mit dem in anderen Aralia- und J7w6eW 7ere -Vertretern vorkommenden Falcarinon CIV ist imverkenn-bar. 

Production of anthocyanins in plant cell and tissue cultures has been reported for more than 30 species including Daucus carota, Fragaria x ananassa, Vaccinium spp., Vitis hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Malus sylvestris, Aralia cordata, Perilla frutescens, Ipomoea batatas. Euphorbia millii, Strobilanthes dyeriana. Hibiscus sabariffa, Dioscorea cirrhosa, etc. ... 

Bioreactor-based systems for mass production of anthocyanins from cultured plant cells have been described for several species.A highly productive cell line of Aralia cordata obtained by continuous cell aggregate cloning has, for instance, been reported to yield anthocyanins in concentrations as high as 17%i on a dry weight basis. However, to date economic feasibility has not been established in part because of some unique engineering challenges inherent in mass cultivation of plant cultures. 

Asada, Y., Sakamoto, K., and Furuya, T., A minor anthocyanin from cultured cells of Aralia cordata. Phytochemistry, 35, 1471, 1994. 

Kobayashi, Y. et al.. Large-scale production of anthocyanin by Aralia cordata cell suspension cultures, Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol., 40, 215, 1993. 

Aralia chinensis L. A. cordata Thunb. var. continentalis (Kitag.) Y. C. Chu A. elata (Miq.) Seem. A. elata (Miq.) Seem. F. subinermis Y. C. Chu Jia Mu, Du Huo (Aralia) (root) Diterpenoids such as (-) pimaradene, (-) kaurene derivatives, l-pimara-8, 15-dien-19-oic acid, aralosides, araligenin, oleanolic acid, beta-taralin, alpha-taralin.20 48 50 Carminative, for arthralgia, gastroenteritis, headache, diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic. 

N.A. Aralia catechu L. A. nudicaulis L. A. racemosa L. Arctiin, tannins, diterpene acids, glucoside, volatile oil.99-102 Treat rheumatism, asthma, coughs. 

Shibata, S., S. Mihashi, and O. Tanaka. 1967. The occurrence of (-)fimarane-type diterpene in Aralia cordata Thunb. Tetrahedron Lett. 51 5241-5243. 

Oenothera javanica, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Santalum album, S. myrtifolium, S. verum Santalum album, S. myrtifolium, S. verum Santalum album, S. myrtifolium, S. verum Codonopsis lanceolata, Menyanthes trifoliata Aralia chinensis, A. cordata, A. elata Euphorbia antiquorum... 

Aralia chinensis, A. cordata, A. data Erythroxylum coca Gomphrena globosa Portulaca grandiflora... 

Aralia catechu, A. nudicaulis, A. racemosa Jatropha gospiifolia... 

Glycosides Aralia catechu, A. nudicaulis, A. racemosa, Paeonia officinalis, Phragmites australis, Salix alba, S. discolor... 

Positive tests were likewise obtained with the following species Aralia mcemosa (1/4), Cussonia paniculata, C. thyrsijlora, C. um-bellifera (1/3), Dendropanax pellucipunciala (1/5), Didymopanax iremulum (I /2), Gastonia papuana, Seemannaralia gerrardii. 

YAHARA, S, ISHIDA, M., YAMASAKI, K TANAKA, 0.,MIHASHI, S., Minor diterpenes of Aralia cordata Thunb 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid and grandifloric acid., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 1974,7,1629-1631. 

For thirty natural resources, total extracts are obtained by both the SFE at 45C and 30 MPa and the LSE by n-hexane, chloroform and methanol, respectively. For all the extracts, five types of bioassays were performed and the qualitative results are summarized in Table 1. For the case of the cytotoxicity assay, the extracts of Angelica gigantis Radix, Aralia Cordata, Bupleurm falcatum, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Spirodelae Herba by the SFE showed much higher... 

Sample Ginkgo biloba Aralia cordata Evodia officinalis Crataegus pinnatifida Paeonia lactiflora Leonurus sibiricus m... 

Figure 1. Variations of bioactivities for the extract of Aralia Cordata by the SFE and LSE...

Eiatosides A E (oleanolic Aralia data (Araliaceae) Ethanol absorption inhibited... 

A number of partial syntheses which have been mentioned earlier in this chapter e.g. rosenonolactone), may be considered as formally total by virtue of the previous synthesis of an intermediate. The compound (124) features as an intermediate in diterpene total synthesis. Alkylation with methyl iodide gave a mixture of C-13 epimeric aldehydes which were converted " into pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid and its C-13 epimer the former occurs in Aralia cordata. 

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