Applied Separations Inc

The experimental anmatus used to conduct sub-HzO extraction on berry substrates is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a modified Applied Separations Inc. (Allentown, PA) Spe-ed punq>ing unit feeding water from a reservoir into a extraction vessel (cell) contained in a thermo-regulated oven (Mottel 3710A, ATS, Inc., Butler, PA). The extraction cell was a 316 SS, 1 o.d., 9/16 i.d., approximately 55 mL in volume. 

The third instrumental approach is the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). A supercritical fluid is a substance at a temperature and pressure above the critical point for the substance. You may want to review phase diagrams and the critical point on the phase diagram in your general chanistry text or see the Applied Separations, Inc. website at www.appliedseparations. com. Supercritical fluids are more dense and viscous than the gas phase of the substance but... 

Applied Separations Inc. Applications of supercritical fluid extraction. CD-based application base. www. appliedseparations.com... 

T0173 Commodore Applied Technologies, Inc., Solvated Electron Technology (SET) T0174 Commodore Separation Technologies, Inc., Supported Liquid Membrane T0178 Constructed Wetlands—General... 

Several instruments have been developed in various laboratories since the late 1970s. Currently, several companies have introduced the capillary electrophoresis commercially (for example Microphoretic Systems, Sunnyvale, California Bio-Rad, Richmond, California Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, California and Beckman Instruments, Inc., Palo Alto, California). Although the instruments have many practical features for the separation and analysis of analytes, several new features need to be incorporated (for routine use) by protein chemists. 

Figure 1. HPLC separation of modified NCp7 after 3 min (top), 10 min (middle) and 30 min (bottom trace) with N-ethylmaleimide (6 1 molar ratio). The reaction products were separated by reverse-phase After separation, fractions were characterized using an automated Applied Biosystems Inc. 477 A Protein Sequencer...

Applied Separations 930 Hamilton St. Allentown, PA 18011 Isco 4700 Superior, Lincoln, NE 68505 Durability, Inc. 1872 Pratt Dr., Suite 1630, Blacksburg, VA 24060-6344 (Isco-Suprex) Thar Designs, Inc. 730 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238... 

Other types of pilot plant, including commercial units embracing this principle, are available. Some selected vendors of pilot plants, although this is not an exclusive list, include UHDE, Thar Designs, Applied Separations, Chematur, and Separex.. Likewise, bench-scale equipment for preliminary evaluations are manufactured by such companies as Autoclave Engineers (now called Snap-Tite), Chematur, Nova Swiss, Applied Separations, Nova Sep, Thar Designs, Pressure Products, Inc., Supercritical Fluid Technologies, and Separex. 

K. Cohen, The Theorg of Isotope Separation as Applied to Large Scale Production of235V, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, 1951. 

In a comparable system, (I ,S)-ibuprofen can be separated by a membrane reactor [83], see Fig. 13.10. The technique comprises a stereo-specific hydrolysis by an enzyme. Subsequently, the enantiomeric ester is extracted into the organic phase on the other side of the membrane. In the system developed by Sepracor Inc., (i )-ibuprofen is selectively hydrolyzed by proteases in a hollow-fiber unit and the (S)-ibuprofen ester can be isolated at 100% yield. This configuration also applies for enantioseparation of other acids such as naproxen and 2-chloropropionic acid. 

Figure 3.31. Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE. Protein samples are incubated with SDS (as well as reducing agents, which disrupt disulphide linkages). The electric field is applied across the gel after the protein samples to be analysed are loaded into the gel wells. The rate of protein migration towards the anode is dependent upon protein size. After electrophoresis is complete, individual protein bands may be visualized by staining with a protein-binding dye (a). If one well is loaded with a mixture of proteins, each of known molecular mass, a standard curve relating distance migrated to molecular mass can be constructed (b). This allows estimation of the molecular mass of the purified protein. Reproduced by permission of John Wiley Sons Inc. from Walsh (2002)...

T0614 Polylonix Separation Technologies, Inc., Polymer Filtration System T0615 Polymer-Based Solidification/Stabilization—General T0616 Pozzolanic Solidification/Stabilization—General T0624 Proactive Applied Solutions Corporation, LEADX... 

Once mycelia have been separated via continuous filtration from exhausted production media, citric acid may be recovered by using three different methods, such as direct crystallization upon concentration of the filtered liquor, precipitation as calcium citrate tetrahydrate, or liquid extraction. Since molasses are extremely rich in impurities, direct crystallization cannot be applied unless very refined raw materials, such as sucrose syrups or crystals, are used. The precipitation process (that is based on subsequent addition of sulfuric acid and lime to clarified fermentation broths) is used by the great majority of world citric acid manufacturers, including Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM) in the United States. Liquid extraction with mixtures of trilaurylamine, n-octanol, and Cio or Cn isoparaffin was used by Pfizer Inc. in Europe and Bayer Co. (formerly Haarmann Reimer Co., subsidiary of Miles) in the Dayton (OH, USA) and Eikhart (IN, USA) plants only (Moresi and Parente, 1999), even if such plants might have been shut down in 1998. 

Normal-phase HPLC on silica columns are also used extensively in D3 analysis of vitamin products with nonpolar mobile phase containing polar modifiers. Krol et al. (66) separated D3 from pre-D3 and from a mixture of other vitamins using an adsorptive silica support introduced in 1972 (Vydac , supplied at that time by Applied Science Laboratories, Inc. State College, Penn.). The hand-packed column was used in conjunction with a mobile phase of pen-tane tetrahydrofuran (97.5 2.5). Sterule (32) used aluminum oxide as column support with chloroform as the mobile phase. Separation of D3 and its isomers and from vitamin A acetate was achieved. 

Fig. 3.4. Effect of mobile phase selectivity on the CEC separation of barbiturates (1-6). Electrochromatography was performed at 15°C with an applied voltage of 30 kV on a 25 cm, 100 pm i.d., 3 pm Hypersil Phenyl packed capillary. Sample concentration was 170 pg ml"1 of each component with a 15 kV/5s injection. Detection was at 210 nm. a) ACN-50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.5-water (4 2 4 v/v/v), b) MeOH-50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.5-water (5 2 3 v/v/v). From Euerby et al [26], Journal of Microcolumn Separations, 1999. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Fig. 10.25. Separation of tipredane (compound 14) from its five related substances (compounds 11-13, 15, 16) by CEC. Column 250 mm x 50 pm i.d. packed with 3 pm Spherisorb ODS-1 mobile phase, acetonitrile-50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.8, 80 20 (v/v) applied voltage, 15 kV temperature, 15°C electrokinetic injection, 5 kV/15s. From Euerby et al. [63], Journal of Microcolumn Separations, 1997. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

The NF/LPRO pilot plant was supplied by Sepratech (Separation Technoloy, INC, US), and consisted of a feed tank, a pump and planar module, as detailed in Fig. 5. All studies were done using a low conversion rate (5%) and a high tangential flow rate ( 4 ms-1) in order to minimize the polarization concentration effects. The applied transmembrane pressures were in the range of 0-25 bar. The temperature was maintained at 25°C. 

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