Planar module

The NF/LPRO pilot plant was supplied by Sepratech (Separation Technoloy, INC, US), and consisted of a feed tank, a pump and planar module, as detailed in Fig. 5. All studies were done using a low conversion rate (5%) and a high tangential flow rate ( 4 ms-1) in order to minimize the polarization concentration effects. The applied transmembrane pressures were in the range of 0-25 bar. The temperature was maintained at 25°C. 

Compare STI CMP module to other planarization modules. Where would you place it in terms of complexity, planarity requirements, and cost ... 

In the survey of modularity reported in Chapter 1 of [2], a general description of the modular interpretation of crystal structures has been extensively discussed. In this chapter we consider only planar modules, and the examples are devoted to show the polysomatic, merotype and plesiotype aspects (see below) of some series that are important either methodologically or for their technological and mineralogical relevance. The possibility of exploiting the modularity to model unknown crystal structures is illustrated with some examples. 

The stacked planar module design is readily used with any foil-based membrane because foils are available as flat sheet stock. This design is not so readily adapted... 

Regardless of the membrane module design, effective performance is dependent on rapid mass transfer at the feed side of the membrane. There are several comprehensive references on mass transfer [10], so it will not be addressed in detail here. However, one should consider mass transfer because it affects two design issues the manifolding of the feed stream to each membrane, and the feed channel design and dimensions. The detailed analysis of these issues differs somewhat when one considers stacked planar modules and tubular modules, but the fundamental objectives are quite similar. 

Table 1 Classification of planar 2 1 clay minerals (non-planar modulated structures (e.g. sepiolite, palygorskite) see [123])...

When one, or both, the interactive modules are tridentate, bidimensional (2D) architectures can be formed. A frequently recurring pattern is the (6,3) network (honeycomb structure), which is sometimes formed when onium halides self-assemble with dihalocarbons. Halide anions work as tridentate XB acceptors and occupy the nodes while the dihalocarbons work as bidentate XB donors and form the sides that space the nodes. Such architectures are present in the co-crystals l,4-DITFB/Ph4P+Br , l,4-DITFB/Me4N+r [155], and a,oo-diiodoperfluoroalkanes/K.2.2.2.cKI [128,189]. The less planar the trigonal arrangement around the nodes, the more corrugated the honeycomb structure (Fig. 9). 

The benzene ring per se does not impart any particular pharmacological response to a drug. It is widely held that its planarity, its ability to bind to tissue receptors by Van der Waals and charge transfer mechanisms, and, particularly, its ability to serve as a conductor of electrons within a substance serve as modulators, enhancing or diminishing the intensity of response to a molecule that is otherwise inherently bioactive. 

Extensive lead optimization around 12 (Vmax = 122 + 9pM/s Kd 0.9 (iM) established that peripheral modifications of the methylbithiazole core modulates corrector activity and resulted in 13 (Vmax = 127 + 8pM/s Kd 0.7 J.M) with improved activity [56], Further studies focused on the bithia-zolyl moiety and concluded that the s-cis conformation of the planar dithia-zole (as shown) is important for F508del-CFTR correction activity [57]. 

R. Aigner, M. Dietl, R. Katterloher, and V. Klee. Si-planar-pellistor designs for temperature modulated operation . Sensors and Actuators B33 (1996), 151-155. 

The laser interferometer consists of two coupled resonators, one containing the laser, the other the plasma under investigation (Fig. 10). The laser radiation, reflected back from mirror A/s, which contains phase information about the refractive index of the plasma, interferes with the laser wave in cavity A, resulting in an amplitude modulation of the laser output 267). This modulation can be related to the refractive index and therefore to the plasma frequency and electron density. With a curved rather than a planar mirror, the sensitivity can be increased by utilizing transverse cavity modes 268). 

The first class of amine-based nucleophilic catalysts to give acceptable levels of selectivity in the KR of aryl alkyl. yec-alcohols was a series of planar chiral pyrrole derivatives 13 and 14, initially disclosed by Fu in 1996 [25, 26]. Fu and co-workers had set out to develop a class of robust and tuneable catalysts that could be used for the acylative KR of various classes of. yec-alcohols. Planar-chiral azaferrocenes 13 and 14 seemed to meet their criteria. These catalysts feature of a reasonably nucleophilic nitrogen and constitute 18-electron metal complexes which are highly stable [54-58]. Moreover, by modifying the substitution pattern on the heteroaromatic ring, the steric demand and hence potentially the selectivity of these catalysts could be modulated. 

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