Golden apple

Apple ( Golden Delicious, peel) Grape ( Riesling )... 

The cocktail is pale gold. The apple in the Garden of Eden was a Golden Delicious, apparently. And the drink is a temptation. As for Adam s Eve, the original uncosmopolitan, who had never seen an apple before, let alone an apple martini, we can only be grateful she didn t stumble upon a bartender serving these. 

Switzer JA, PhUlips RJ, Golden TD (1995) Composition profiles in electrodeposited ceramic superlattices. Appl Phys Lett 66 819-821... 

Seki, H. Kunimatsu, K. Golden, W.G. Appl. Spectroscopy, in press. 

Golden delicious apples Malus domestica) and tomatoes Solarium lycopersicum) were purchased at the local market. Fruits were peeled and sliced before treatment (4 h at 45 °C) with 0.1 % Pectinex Ultra Sp-L (Novo Ferment) in presence of 9 mM ascorbic acid. The insoluble material was then eliminated by centrifugation and the obtained juices dialysed against distilled water. 

Sampling Golden delicious apples were sampled in intervals of three weeks over a hole season. Sampling started at the so-called June-drop , which corresponds to the end of the cell division phase (= week 0). After harvest (week 14), the mature apples were stored over a period of 20 weeks at 4°C and 95% relative humidity. 

Pulp from ripe Golden apple was pressed in a mortar and filtered, thus obtaining a cloudy and dense juice. Potassium metabisulphite was added as antioxidant at a final concentration of 0.15 mg/mL. The pH of the prepared apple juices was 4.1 4.3. Depectinisation experiments were carried out loading the juice in the packed bed reactor and recycling for 30 min at 25 "C. The reaction mixture was then collected and the percentage reduction of viscosity measured as above described. The y-alumina spheres were abundantly washed with distilled water before performing the successive batch reaction. 

Table II shows the parathion residues on Golden Delicious apples in the Mississippi Valley immediately after the final spray application and after 25 and 38 days of weathering. Five plots received six parathion sprays and a sixth plot received parathion in only the last two sprays.

Table II. Parathion Residues on Golden Delicious Apples, Mississippi Valley...

Li H., Duncan C., Townend J., Smith L., Kilham K., Johnston P., Dykhuizen R., Kelly D., Golden M., Benjamin N. and Leifert C. (1997). Nitrate reducing bacteria on rat tongues . Appl Environ Microbiol, 63, 924-930. 

Table 16.1 Mean content (mg/g DM) of polyphenols in organically produced Golden Delicious apples in three successive years (analyses were carried out at the beginning of the storage period in December). The percentage differences compared to conventional fruit from the same production unit, the level of significance between conventional and organic fruit ( = P > 0.01 = p > 0.05) or trends (exactp-value listed if 0.05 < p < 0.13) are indicated...

In a study comparing organic and conventional apples (variety Golden Delicious) from a range of commercial orchards it was found that reproducible differences between apples from organic and conventional systems can be detected (Fig. 16.6). Additionally, the vitality index produced based on the picture forming method was found to be correlated with the technical standard index based on chemical quality tests and the sensory test results (Fig. 16.7, left) (Weibel et al., 2004a). 

Mayr U, Treutter D, Santos-Buelga C, Bauer H and Fuecht W. 1995. Developmental changes in die phenol concentrations of Golden Delicious Apple fruits and leaves. Phytochemistry 38 115. 

Chinnici F, Bendini A, Gaiani A and Riponi C. 2004. Radical scavenging activities of peels and pulps from cv. golden delicious apples as related to their phenolic composition. J Agric Food Chem 52(15) 4684-4689. 

The yeasts also have been evaluated for antifungal activity. Spadaro and others (2008) reported that Hanseniaspora uvarum, Rhodotorula spp., and Metschnikowia pulcherrima reduced the development of P. expansum on apples. In this work the biocontrol effectiveness was assessed on four apple cultivars, Golden Delicious, Stark Delicious, Granny Smith, and Royal Gala. The efficacy was higher on the cv. Golden Delicious. 

Blair, P.C., M.B.Thompson, R.E.Morrissey, M.P.Moorman, R.A.Sloane, and B.A. Fowler. 1990a. Comparative toxicity of arsine gas in B6C3F1 mice, Fischer 344 rats, and Syrian golden hamsters system organ studies and comparison of clinical indices of exposure. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 14 776-787. 

Olson, J.R., M.A. Holscher, and R.A. Neal. 1980a. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the golden Syrian hamster. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 55 67-78. 

Doherty, P.A., V.H.Ferm, and R.P.Smith. 1982. Congenital malformations induced by infusion of sodium cyanide in the golden hamster. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 64 456-464. 

Chemoff N, Kavlock RJ, Gray LE, et al. 1979b. Teratogenic effects of endrin in the golden hamster [Abstract], Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 48 A201. 

Flavonoids have also been analysed in the peel and pulp of different apple varieties by RP-HPLC. The varieties Golden, Red Delicious, Granny Smith and Reineta Green were inluded in the experiments. Methanol containing 1 per cent 2,6-di-/m-bu(yl-4-mc(hylphcnol... 

CONTENTS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PEELS AND PULPS FROM GOLDEN. REINETA. RED AND GRANNY SMITH APPLES... 

Fig. 11. Carotenoids from peel extracts of Malus domestica L. (Rosaceae, Golden delicious apple) with potent anti-HP activities.

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