Apples and pears

Quercetin-3-O-gluooside Quercetin-3-O-galactoside Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside Cyanidin-3-Ogalactoside 

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Naphthalene acetic acid is used to thin apple and pear blossoms and to control apple and pear preharvest drop (10). It also is used to induce flowering in pineapple, but conversely inhibits sprouting in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and turnips (Brassica rapd) (23). It also is used to promote rooting in... 

Diphenylamine inhibits the development of scald disease during prolonged cold storage of apples and pears (42—45). It prolongs the fresh appearance of cut snapdragons (46), controls weather fleck in tobacco, inhibits algae formation, and shows growth inhibitory activity in potatoes (47). 

Fruits are seasonal in temperate climates, and a good harvest may be followed by a shortage if there is no method of preservation. The hard fruits, apples and pears, have traditionally been stored in cool places and may then last for several months, depending on the variety Refrigeration has extended the storage life, and made this more reliable. 

The fruits are loaded and the store sealed. Within a few days they consume a proportion of the available oxygen and respire carbon dioxide. Considerable research over the past 60 years, mainlyin the UK [47], has determined the correct balance of gases to prolong the storage life of the different varieties of apples and pears, both home grown and imported. 

Comparing apples and pears - LCA methods generate a list of impacts in a number of different categories. How are these categories to be compared Which is worse, a certain amount of release of a greenhouse gas, or a slight increase in risk to watercourses from a mildly eco-toxic material ... 

Apple and pear. Sample is minced and homogenized after removing the core and parts around hollows in the top and bottom of the fruit. 

The Food and Drug Administration has not as yet held hearings concerning the establishment of formal tolerances for DDT or parathion on fresh produce or in processed foods. For apples and pears, an informal tolerance for DDT of 7 p.p.m. has been announced (3). [These hearings were in progress at the time of publication. ]... 

Surface residues of parathion on peaches were 4- to 15-fold higher than for comparable schedules on apples or pears, possibly because of the higher initial deposits retained on the more retentive surfaces of these fruits. Surface residues of DDT on peaches were also higher than those which would be expected to result from comparable schedules on apples and pears. Typical residue values for peaches are shown in Table V. 

Parathion Spray Residue on Soft Fruits, Apples, and Pears... 

WALKER—PARATHION SPRAY RESIDUE ON SOFT FRUITS, APPLES, AND PEARS... 

Pome Fruit Types. As with citrus fruit types, the method of sample preparation was modified for the parathion studies. In the earlier studies the DDT-treated apples and pears were scrubbed in a warm 10% solution of trisodium phosphate, and all the peel was removed from the water-rinsed fruit with a household-type potato peeler. The pooled samples of peel and pulp were then processed independently to recover the contained toxicant for subsequent estimation. 

Pome and Stone Fruits. Following the application of DDT and of parathion as wettable powders in control schedules, neither compound has been recovered from the pulp portions of apples, pears, and peaches. A maximum of six spray applications of DDT wettable powder and four spray applications of parathion wettable powder were involved in these studies. As high as 0.4 p.p.m. of DDT and 1.7 p.p.m. of DDT were found in the pulp of apple and pear fruits, respectively, following seasonal treatments with five to six applications of DDT formulated in a petroleum oil fraction. 

For purposes of coherence and clarity, methods and results with apples and pears are presented separately from those with oranges. 

Further wash tests with apples and pears have not been extensive because the magnitudes of typical DDT harvest residues suggest that no appreciable difficulty will be encountered in bringing fruits sprayed with the lower dosages under the provisional tolerance for DDT residues on these fruits. 

Parathion on Apples and Pears. Although parathion deposits appear to be less... 

Grapes, apples and pears accounted for over three-quarters of total risk and... 

The farmer s wife knows that she cannot hope to obtain chickens except through the decomposition of the egg. If bread is placed in honeys and suffered to decay, ants are generated worms are bred in the putrefying bodies of men, horses, and other animals maggots are also developed by the decay of nuts, apples, and pears. 

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