Apple core

Pectin is found in apples and in the white membrane that surrounds the sections of oranges, grapefruits, or other citrus fruits, as well as in several other sources. Powdered pectin made from apple cores is also available, but scientists have found that eating apples or citrus fruit has a much better effect on lowering blood cholesterol levels than eating powered pectin does. They believe eating the whole fruit is better because the body also needs vitamin C to convert cholesterol into bile acids. Fruits contain vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, but the powdered pectin does not. 

Barium studies Polypoid mass Apple core lesion... 

Fig. 27.9.a-d Detection of masses a 50-mm intraluminal circumferential mass with apple-core morphology, and (b) its CTC endoluminal view. cThe entire mass region was extracted in a mass detection method in CAD, as indicated by the white region in the MPR view, and (d) its CTC endoluminal view... 

Fig. 7.9a-d. Advanced mural lesion (arrows) a prone non-contrast axial 2D MPR demonstrates advanced mural lesion b supine contrast enhanced axial 2D MPR shows enhancing mass immersed in fluid c 3D volume rendered intraluminal view demonstrates mural mass of cancer d 3D transparency view shows classic apple-core lesion... 

Note the typical apple-core appearance of the carcinoma on the volume-rendered image. Because annular masses may be indistinguishable from incompletely distended segments of the colon on 3D images, correlation with the axial 2D images is often required for differentiation... 

Fig. 5.27 Primary peri-ampullary carcinoma of the duodenum Double-contrast barium meal shows a peri-ampullary carcinoma of the duodenum showing as an apple core -like lesion...

Piantado.si, C. A., Thalmann, E. D., and Spauq W. H. (1981). Metabolic response to tesoira-tory heat loss—induced core cooling. /. Appl. Physiol. 50, 829-8,34. 

In apple processing, enzymatic treatment of the crushed fruit leads to a lower degree of degradation of the peel and the core than the rest of the fruit. Figure 1 shows the separate tissue zones in diagrammatic form. Their anatomic origins are different the epidermis and outer parenchyma zones are tissues derived from the fusion of the calyx, corolla and stamens of the flower the inner zones correspond to tissue derived from ovaries and carpels. The characterisation of the cell-wall material, especially pectins, from the different zones of the fruit may provide additional information on the possibility of finding uses for the discarded fractions. 

Miteva VI, JE Brenchley (2005) Detection and isolation of ultrasmall microorganisms from a 120,000-year-old Greenland glacier ice core. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 7806-7818. 

Hellmann, J., Hamano, M., Karthaus, O., Ijiro, K., Shimomura, M. and Irie, M. (1998) Aggregation of dendrimers with a photochromic dithienylethene core group on the mica surface - atomic force microscopic imaging. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 37, L816-L819. 

Schlamp,M.C., Peng, X.G. andAlivisatos, A. P. (1997) Improved efficiencies in light emitting diodes made with CdSe(CdS) core/shell type nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer./. Appl. Phys., 82, 5837-5842. 

Apple and pear. Sample is minced and homogenized after removing the core and parts around hollows in the top and bottom of the fruit. 

In fruit penetration studies 8 pounds of fruit were first thoroughly scrubbed with warm 10% trisodium phosphate solution and then rinsed thoroughly with distilled water. Citrus fruits, if depth of penetration into the peel was of interest, were peeled in longitudinal sections with a buttonhook peeler and the albedo or white portion was separated from the flavedo or colored portion. The separated peel was placed in pie tins lined with waxed paper and dried in a forced draft oven at 65° C. for 16 hours. The dried peel was then crushed and steeped for 48 hours in a measured volume of benzene sufficient to cover the sample. If, on the other hand, only the total amount of DDT in the peel was of interest, the fruit was halved and juiced on a power juicer. The pulp was removed, the peel sliced, and the sample dried and treated as before. Thin-skinned fruits, such as apples, pears, and avocados, were peeled with a vegetable peeler, cores or seeds were removed, and the pulp was sliced in thin slices. Pulp and peel were then dried and treated in the same way as the citrus peel. The steeping completed, the samples were filtered through Sharkskin filter paper and the volume of benzene recovered was noted. 

The biosynthetic origin of the depolymerization-resistant core of cutin (cutan) remains to be established. The early observation that linoleic acid and linolenic acid were preferentially incorporated into the non-depolymerizable core of cutin in apple skin slices suggested that the ether-linked or C-C-linked core might arise preferentially from the czs-l,4-pentadiene system [31]. The insoluble residue, that contained the label from the incorporated polyunsaturated C18 acids, released the label upon treatment with HI, supporting the notion that some of those aliphatic chains were held together by ether bonds. More recently,... 

Other sources of LOX are tomato, which possesses a 9-LOX activity cucumber, which has a LOX enzyme similar to potato and tomato enzymes in both pH optimum and substrate specificity apples, which present high activity in the core and peel strawberry pea and others (Baysal and Demirdoven 2007). Finally, LOX has been found in eggplant, where linoleic acid was the best substrate, the 9-hydroperoxy isomer was the main product, and the 13-hydroperoxy isomer was only a minor product at pH 7 (L6pez-Nicolas and others 2001). 

White, I. M. Gohring, J. Sun, Y. Yang, G. Lacey, S. Fan, X., Versatile waveguide coupled opto fluidic devices based on liquid core optical ring resonators, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 241104... 

Yin, D. Barber, J. P. Hawkins, A. R. Deamer, D. W. Schmidt, H., Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 3477 3479... 

Mandal, S. Erickson, D., Optofluidic transport in liquid core waveguiding structures, Appl. Pkys. Lett. 2007, 90, 184103... 

Robelek R, Stefani FD, Knoll W (2006) Oligonucleotide hybridization monitored by surface plasmon enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy with bio-conjugated core/shell quantum dots. Influence of luminescence blinking. Phys Status Solidi A-Appl Mater Sci 203 3468-3475... 

Hobbs, S. Y. and Pratt, C. F., The effect of skin-core morphology on the impact fracture of polybutylene terephthalate, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 1701-1722 (1975). 

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