Greenland glaciers

Miteva VI, JE Brenchley (2005) Detection and isolation of ultrasmall microorganisms from a 120,000-year-old Greenland glacier ice core. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 7806-7818. 

As stated previously, selenium is introduced into the atmosphere by volcanic activity and by the burning of fossil fuels, especially of coal. Lakin and Byers (35) found 0.05-10 ppm selenium in atmospheric dust collected on air-conditioning filters in 10 U. S. cities. More quantitative measures have been made recently using neutron activation methods to determine selenium in snow and glacial ice (Table XI). These data show that snow in the Boston area contains 10-20 times more selenium than does ice in Greenland glaciers. This variation in selenium content of snow with distance from industrial activity is in harmony with particulate selenium issuing from smokestacks. 

Chemical Composition of a Greenland Glacier, Goechim. Cosmochim. Acta. 39, 1 (1975). 

Ocean water Arctic sea ice Marine moisture (sub)tropical precipitation Dead sea/lake chad Temperate zone precipitation Alpine glaciers Greenland glaciers Antarctic ice... 

Cold, wet times in Greenland occurred with very cold, dry, windy conditions in Europe and North America along with very warm weather in the South Atlantic and Antarctica. This weather is indicated by studies of high mountain glaciers, the thickness of tree rings, and the types of pollen and shells found in mud at the bottoms of lakes and oceans. 

Glacier power Power from Glaciers The Hydropower Potential of Greenland s Glacial Waters (Parti, 1977)... 

Natural oxygen is 99.8% l60, 0.2% lsO, and 0.04%, 70. Small variations in isotope ratios in H20 in the ocean, the atmosphere, and rain and snow depend on local temperature. The warmer the air, the more enriched it is in H2I80. The lsO content of snow preserved in glaciers provides a record of air temperatures for 250 000 years in 2-km-long cores drilled from ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Depth in the ice pack has been correlated with age in years by a variety of measurements. 

The warming of the ocean waters and probable increased ablation of the Greenland ice cap (Ambach, 1980) and of mountain glaciers will bring about a significant rise in sea level, estimated at between 60 and... 

Approximately 10% of the Earth s surface is presently covered by glaciers (—15.9X 10 km glacierized cf. 148.8 X 10 km of total land surface Knight, 1999). Some 91% of the Earth s land ice covers Antarctica, a further 8% covers Greenland, and glaciers in other regions... 

Glacier ice 7 Ground rock debris plus material up to boulder size. Mainly from Antarctica and Greenland. Distributed in seas by icebergs. Composition similar to average sediments... 

Figures 1.3 through 1.8 show the future of Eastern North America if we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Figure 1.3 shows the U. S coastline as it is today. Figure 1.4 shows the coastline with a 1-meter rise in seal level. This is likely to occur between 2050 and 2100. This will be the result of the melting of most of the high mountain glaciers and small bits of the edges of Greenland and the Antarctic. Figure 1.5 shows the coastline with a 3-meter rise in sea level. This is likely to occur...

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