Inner zone

Weight gain Oxide thickness (mm) (gm X 10 ) Outer scale Inner zone Mass gain Maximum (gm X 10 ) penetration (mm) ... 

In apple processing, enzymatic treatment of the crushed fruit leads to a lower degree of degradation of the peel and the core than the rest of the fruit. Figure 1 shows the separate tissue zones in diagrammatic form. Their anatomic origins are different the epidermis and outer parenchyma zones are tissues derived from the fusion of the calyx, corolla and stamens of the flower the inner zones correspond to tissue derived from ovaries and carpels. The characterisation of the cell-wall material, especially pectins, from the different zones of the fruit may provide additional information on the possibility of finding uses for the discarded fractions. 

Figure 1.147. Jackson s curve and arc stress reorientations. Apparent swing motion of Pacific Plate (Jackson et al., 1975) and regional stress orientation at the Northeast Honshu convergent margin are illustrated in order to show their synchronous relationship. Dashed line represents the average trend of the Hawaiian volcanic chain. Pacific plate moves along the direction with fluctuation in reference to Hawaii Hot Spot. Vertically shaded parts of the graph indicate the climax phases of clockwise episodes . Lower part of the figure shows the phases and reversals in orientation of tectonic stress fields on the inner zone of Northeast Honshu Arc (Takeuchi, 1987).

These reactions take place in the inner zone of stars heavier than 15 solar masses. Hydrostatic carbon burning is followed by explosive neon burning at temperatures of around 2.5 x 109K. Under these conditions, phosphorus (31P) can be formed, although complex side reactions also occur. In comparison with the formation of... 

Asiedu, D.K., Suzuki, S., Shibata, T. 2000. Provenance of sandstones from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group, Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. Sedimentary Geology, 131, 9-24. 

In this method, the respective positions of about 100 ions (inner zone) are calculated under various assumptions for the inter-ionic potentials, assuming the rest of the lattice as a quasi-continuum. A polarization per unit cell is attributed from measured values of the static dielectric constant. The configuration within the iimer zone (which may generate a cluster ) is varied until the total energy of the lattice is minimized ... 

Backscattered electron image of a Type CAI in the Allende CV3 chondrite. This object crystallized from a melt and has an outer mantle of melilite (Mel) surrounding an inner zone of pyroxene (Px) and anorthite (An). Tiny grains of spinel (Sp) are abundant in the inner portion of the inclusion. Image courtesy of A. Krot. 

Following short-term inhalation exposure to 160 ppm [620 mg/m ] methyl bromide (6 h per day on five days per week for up to six weeks), B6C3F, mice were found to be more sensitive than Fischer 344/N rats 50% of male mice died after eight exposures and 50% of female mice after six exposures, while similar mortality was observed in male rats only after 14 exposures. Neuronal necrosis and testicular degeneration were observed in both species nephrosis was observed in nearly all mice, while necrosis of the olfactory epithelium was more marked in rats. Myocardial degeneration occurred in rats and to a lesser degree in male mice. In the adrenal cortex, there was cytoplasmic vacuolation in rats and inner zone atrophy in female mice (Eustis et al., 1988). 

The mass distribution of Sedan ejecta around the crater has been described by Carlson and Roberts (1). A cross section of the crater lip and close-in ejecta by Richards (11) shows that the depth of ejecta on the crater lip is from 2 to 5 feet, and data from Carlson and Roberts (1) indicate that the ejecta depth decreases to less than 1 inch beyond 5600 feet from ground zero. The Sedan ejecta field consists of two main zones distributed around the crater. The inner zone which extends from the crater lip to approximately 2100 feet from ground zero is composed of bulk ejecta covered by a deposit of missile ejecta which varies from 1 to 15 cm. in depth. Carlson and Roberts (1) define bulk ejecta as that ma-... 

According to the literature (26, 27), soot from diffusion flames contains spherical carbon particles from 0.01 to about 0.20 / m in diameter. The structure of such a flame shows a number of zones in the inner zones carbon is formed from gaseous fuel molecules the outer ones see the subsequent combustion of the particles. Where the latter process is incomplete, the flame produces soot. We will call such material combustion carbon to distinguish it from that derived by the pyrolysis of existing solid, involatile fragments, which we call char. A char consists of irregular particles of various sizes, some of which may... 

The region extending from the phase boundary out to about 3 nm is quite unlike the solution beyond. Generalizations valid elsewhere in the solution do not necessarily apply here. In this inner zone, the so-called double-layer region [9], we may encounter a violation of the electroneutrality condition (see Sect. 4.1) and large electric fields. Concentrations may be enhanced or depleted compared with the adjacent solution. 

In certain cases, such as in some US howitzers, two types of chges are provided, one for inner, the other for outer zones of fire. The cloth of die bags for the inner zone is dyed green, while that for the other zone white. Accordingly there are green bag charge and white bag charge... 

The adrenal gland, which is located at the cap of the kidney, is divided histologically into three zones the outer zone or zona glomerulosa, the middle zone or zona fasciculata, and the inner zone or zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex synthesizes cholesterol and pregnenolone through the interaction of a group of enzymatic reactions (Figure 61.1). 

Generally, Zone (II) of PEMs is seen to be identical with the inner zone of dispersed polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs, see above), whereas the zone III of PEMs might be analogous to the outer shell zone of PECs. 

The Bulgarian-Near-Bosporus shelf. Its inner zone is identified as an underwater coastal slope descending to the lower boundary of the impact zone of the waves with a 1% recurrence at depths of25-30 m. Off capes, the slopes are steep, while in bays they are gentle. The central zone is occupied by a slightly dissected hilly accumulative plain from the inner zone it is separated by underwater depressions well manifested at depths from 15 to 40-70 m. 

The inner zone represents an abrasive-accumulative coastal slope down to depths of 25-30 m, with a characteristic ridge-stepwise topography and... 

Androgens produced by the adrenal gland are synthesized in the inner zone of cortical... 

Models of irradiated disks predict four chemically distinct zones (see Fig. 4.1). (I) Zone of ices in the cold mid-plane opaque to incoming radiation. Chemistry in this region is dominated by cold gas-phase and grain-surface reactions. Here Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and Spitzer observations confirmed the existence of ices, various silicates and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. van den Ancker et al. 2000 van Dishoeck 2004 Bouwman et al. 2008). (II) Zone of molecules, a warm molecular layer adjacent to the mid-plane, dominated by ultraviolet/X-ray-driven photochemistry (III) the heavily irradiated zone of radicals, a hot dilute disk atmosphere deficient in molecules and (IV) the inner zone, inside of the ice line where terrestrial planets form. 

Tracer Quantity Zone of ices Zone of molecules Zone of radicals Inner zone... 

The current paradigm of the chemical structure of a disk based on advanced theoretical models and observational results is summarized in Fig 4.1 (see e.g. Aikawa Herbst 1999 Willacy Langer 2000 Bergin el al. 2003 van Zadelhoff et al. 2003 Semenov et al. 2004). The disk can be divided into four distinct chemical regions, primarily determined by temperature. The inner zone corresponds to radii < 20 AU and is currently barely observable by radio-interferometry, while the other three regions, zone of ices, zone of molecules, and zone of radicals, represent the outer disk regions (r > 20-50 AU). 

Apart from the very dense inner zone, all reactions in disks are two-body processes. Three-body reactions become competitive only at <10AU, where n > 1010 cm-3 (Aikawa el al. 1999). The processes leading to formation of molecular bonds are radiative association, associative detachment, and surface reactions. Reactions of associative detachment are not efficient despite their high reaction rates (ao 10-9 cm-3 s 1), mainly due to low abundances of negative ions (but see also Herbst 1981 Millar et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 2006). 

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