API Application Programing

Traditionally data, properties, information etc has been stored in files on computer disks. More recently, it has become common practice on Macintosh computers, when using Microsoft software or some UNIX applications, to use either extensions to the file name or the first few bytes in the file (or another file) to indicate some aspects of the data, for example that it is suitable for Microsoft Excel. While this approach is practical to indicate something about files containing columns of data, it is not appropriate to store information about the values in cells in spreadsheet or how it relates to data in other columns. This requires a relational database such as ORACLE, and for performance reasons the values in the cells may only be accessed via the ORACLE API (Application Programming Interface) or SQL (Standard Query Language), in other words, it is suggested that relational databases such as ORACLE should be viewed as sophisticated file systems which allow the values to be organised, efficiently stored, rapidly retrieved etc. 

In order to make it easier for third-party vendors to write applications for Windows, Microsoft provides APIs application programming interfaces) for Windows 3.x, 9x, and 2000. These APIs allow programmers to write applications more easily because Windows itself provides much of the functionality. For instance, when a programmer wants to write a routine that prints out a result, they can simply call printing APIs, instead of writing out the entire print process. This does two things. First, it makes programming more simple and second, it standardizes the way that certain tasks are performed. Almost all print or file save screens in Windows, for example, look about the same because all of them use a standardized API set. 

The interface between the DCS and Systeml server (rules engine) uses the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) protocol. On the other hand, the interface between the rules engine and the Mark V as well as that between the rules engine and the monitoring server uses OPC (Open Process Control) whieh is based on a server-client architecture protocol. The rules engine can also interact with input files via API (Application Programming Interface) to read manually input data that is not available from either the Mark V or DCS. 

AIA = Analytical Instruments Association AFFN = ASCII free format numeric API = application programming interface ASDF = ASCII squeezed difference form ASMS = American Society of Mass Spectrometry ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials CCDB = Committee on Chemical Databases CDF = common data form CPEP = Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications CS = chemical structure EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency lUPAC = International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry JCAMP-DX = Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data - Data Exchange LDR = labeled data record netCDF = network common data form SMD = standardized molecular data UCAR = University Corporation for Atmospheric Research XDR = external data representation. 

The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) Application Programming Interface (API) (7), OpenBabel (8), or CORINA... 

In today s climate, where everyone seeks to accelerate the supply of API [and all other activities leading to the filing of a New Drug Application (NDA)], technology transfer starts very early in the API supply program. It usually commences with efforts to outsource early intermediates and ensure the production of a quality product. Technology transfer requires that attention be paid to all the problems cited in the previous paragraph (see also Chapter 6). 

Out-of-the-box HTS informatics software solutions with integrated functionality of all three operational components (HTS data, plate and sample tracking, chemical structures) include ActivityBase from IDBS, Assay Explorer from Symyx (former MDL), BioAssay Enterprise from CambridgeSoft, Accord Enterprise (Accelrys), Chemlnnovation (CBIS), and others. However, we recommend careful evaluation of functionality, usability, architecture, and availability of a published application programming interface (API) if the system is to be integrated with other informatics components. Because the commercial solutions have different strengths, one answer is to combine different components or build certain functionalities in-house. 

To be coupled via OASIS4, the component models have to include specific calls to the OAS1S4 PSMlLe software layer. The OAS1S4 PSMlLe Application Programming Interface (API) was kept as close as possible to OAS1S3 PSMlLe... 

Programmatic access through application program interfaces (APIs)... 

Tooikit. A collection of computer routines that each perform one or a small number of information management tasks. The routines are provided as a library and they can be incorporated into custom user-written application programs to carry out tasks that ordinary application programs may not perform. The interface between the toolkit routines and the user-written program is referred to as the Application Programming Interface, or API. 

NetBIOS Acronym for Network Basic Input/Output System. In networking, a layer of software, originally developed in 1984 by IBM and Sytek, that links a network operating system with specific network hardware. NetBIOS provides an application program interface (API) with a consistent set of commands for requesting lower-level network services to transmit information from node to node. 

NEXPERT OBJECT was probably one of the most mature systems concerning the integration capabilities with software on a corporate level. It offered an application programming interface (API) that supports industry standard programming languages, such as C, C-H-, Smalltalk, or LISP. 

An application programming interface (API) is a docnmented set of programming methods that allow a software engineer to interface with software from within his own program. 

In addition to the requirements for data storage and integration, there are also varying requirements for interfaces to the data to support the community. Bench scientists generally require intuitive Web interfaces or click-and-install graphical user interfaces. Application developers within the bioinformatics sector require stable application programming interfaces (APIs) in their preferred language (e.g., Java, Perl, C, C++, or Python). 

A combination of XML and application program interface (API) compliant Java classes can be used to add new modules and, if necessary, define new data types. An installation can then be hand-edited to include the custom extensions. 

A complete application programming interface is available for MMDB as part of the NCBI toolkit, containing a wide variety of C code libraries and applications. Both an ASN.l input/output programming interface layer and a molecular computing layer (MMDB-API) are present in the NCBI toolkit. The NCBI toolkit supports x86 and alpha-based Windows platforms, Macintosh 68K and PowerPC CPUs, and a wide variety of UNIX platforms. The three-dimensional structure database viewer (Cn3D) is an MMDB-API-based application with soince code included in the NCBI toolkit. 

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