Antiviral Astringent

Dianthrone derivatives Hypericin, pseudohypericin, anthranol, photohypericin, hypericodehydrodianthrone Flavanols Catechin polymers (condensed tannins), leucocyanidin, epicatechin Photodynamic, antidepressant [monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)], antiviral Astringent, anti-inflammatory, styptic, antiviral... 

AHC is self-limited over a period of 5 to 10 days. Because antiviral agents are ineffective, the preferred treatment consists of topical application of cool compresses and astringents. Patients require reassurance, because the appearance of diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage in the presence of pain and tearing is quite stressful. Patient education should stress the severe communicability of this disorder, and appropriate precautions should be taken to limit the spread of the infection. Topical steroids have not demonstrated any significant effect and may actually prolong the infection. 

Antifungal and antiviral properties, antioxidant activity, used as remote astringent in cases of internal haemorrhage... 

Documented effects A decoction is recommended as a hemostatic for internal uterine bleeding. An acetone-alcohol extract of the herb has been introduced as a hemostatic treatment (Aliev et al. 1972). Zavrazhanov et al. (1977) stated this species has astringent, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and sedative properties. The decoction of the herb is used to treat internal and uterine bleeding (Aliev et al. 1972) and also as an anticonvulsant (Fruentov 1972 Akopov 1981). A water extract, as well as a methanol extract and its fractions, were found to have antiviral effect on myxoviruses, herpes virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis and vaccinia virus (Zielinska-Jenczylik et al. 1987). In vivo, a methanol extract injected intravenously induced interferon in mice (Zielinska-Jenczylik et al. 1988). In vitro, low concentrations of a polyphenolic fraction from an extract of the plant stimulated free radical activity of human granulocytes, whereas high concentrations inhibited the activity (Fecka et al. 1997). 

The biological importance of these substances is not really elucidated. They are discussed to reveal antimicrobial or antiviral activity [51], and some of them are astringent and slightly bitter [50]. They may act as feed repellents, but they act also as antioxidants. 

The anthocyanins (colored pigments) and tannins (astringent substances) in wines have greater antiviral effects than unfermented grape juice. However, these experiments were conducted in laboratory vessels, rather than in animal or human subjects. 

Traditional Medicine. Neem extracts have been reported to possess antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties and are used in cases of stomach worms and ulcers. The stem and root bark and young fruits are reported to possess astringent, tonic, and antiperiodic properties. The root bark is reported to be more active than the stem bark and young fruits. The bark is reported to be beneficial in... 

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