Antioxidants nuclear factor

Recent evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process. The recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes and formation of intimal macrophage-rich lesions at specific sites of the arterial tree are key events in atherogenesis. Alterations of chemotactic and adhesive properties of the endothelium play an important role in this process [82]. Quercetin has been reported to inhibit the expression in glomerular cells of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [83] a potent chemoattractant for circulating monocytes. Red wine reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in abdominal aorta of cholesterol fed rabbits after balloon injury and this effect was associated with a reduced neointimal hyperplasia [84]. The antioxidant-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor k B (NFkB) and the subsequent non selective reduction of cytokine transcription have been suggested to be responsible for these effects [83]. Additionally, quercetin downregulated both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNFa)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human endothelial cells [86]. 

Shen W. H., Zhang C. Y., and Zhang G. Y. (2003). Antioxidants attenuate reperfusion injury after global brain ischemia through inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activity in rats. Acta Pharmacol. Sinica 24 1125-1130. 

Minsavage, G.D., Dillman lii, J.F. (2007). Bifunctional alkylating agent-induced p53 and nonclassical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ICB) responses and cell death are altered by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) a potential role for antioxidant/elec-trophilic response element (ARE/EpRE) signaling. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 321 202-12. 

Lo, A.H. et al., Camosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, snppressed inducible nitric oxide synhtase through down-regulating nuclear factor-KB in mouse macrophage, Carcinogenesis, 23 (6), 983, 2002. 

Janssen YMW, Sen CK. 1999. Nuclear factor kappa B activity in response to oxidants and antioxidants. Methods Enzymol 300 363-374. 

T. Blackwell, T. Blackwell, E. Holden, B. Christman and J. Christman, In Vivo Antioxidant Treatment Suppresses Nuclear Factor-kB Activation and Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation, J Immunol 157 (1996) 1630-1637. 

Since an extreme pro-oxidant status of a cell can lead to a progressive loss of cellular function and eventual death, cells have developed mechanisms to detect changes in the redox status of cells. These switches are used to regulate and turn on the antioxidant machinery of the cell. These signals are largely mediated by redox-sensitive transcription factors. Although a large number of very extensively studied transcription factors are now know to respond to redox status, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) deserves special mention. NF-kB usually resides in the... 

In addition to measuring the antioxidant effects of prenylated flavonoids from Sophora flavescens by using in vitro l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2/-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), per-oxynitrite (ONOCT), and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, the examination of the inhibition of tert-butylhydroperoxide (f-BIIP)-induced intracellular ROS generation and f-BHP-induced activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-/cB) was also added as a further examination of kuraridinol (9),... 

The up-regulation of GCS subunits by oxidative stress is mediated by different transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Sp-1, activator protein-1 (AP-1), activator protein-2 (AP-2) and antioxidant response elements (ARE) or electrophile responsive elements (EpRE). 

Li, Y, Glauert, H. R, and Spear, B. T. (2000a). Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate in H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells and its inhibition by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E. Biochem Pharmacol 59, 427 34. 

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)... 

Wang W, Jaiswal AK (2006) Nuclear factor Nrf2 and antioxidant response element regulate NRH quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQ02) gene expression and antioxidant induction. Free Radic Biol Med 40 1119-1130... 

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