Antimony perchlorate

Antimony Perchlorate SbOCl04 This chemical decrepitates when heated above 60°C.4... 

Perchloric acid (HCIO4 Ho —13.0), fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F Ho — 15.1), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H Ho —14.1) are considered to be superacids, as is truly anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Complexing with Lewis acidic metal fluorides of higher valence, such as antimony, tantalum, or niobium pentafluoride, greatly enhances the acidity of all these acids. 

Perchloric acid Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, alcohols, antimony compounds, azo pigments, bismuth and its alloys, methanol, carbonaceous materials, carbon tetrachloride, cellulose, dehydrating agents, diethyl ether, glycols and glycolethers, HCl, HI, hypophosphites, ketones, nitric acid, pyridine, steel, sulfoxides, sulfuric acid... 

Antimony(III) Salts. Concentrated acids dissolve trivalent antimony compounds. From the resulting solutions it is possible to crystallise normal and basic salts, eg, antimony(4lI) sulfate [7446-32-4], Sb2(S0 2i antimony sulfate [14459-74-6], (SbO)2SO antimony(4lI) phosphate [12036-46-3], SbPO antimony(4lI) acetate [6923-52-0], Sb(C244202)3 antimony(4lI) nitrate [20328-96-5], Sb(N03)3 and antimony(4lI) perchlorate ttihydrate [65277-48-7], Sb(QO 34420. The normal salts all hydrolyse readily. 

Tetraalkyl and tetraaryl compounds, R SbX, are well-known and are often referred to as stibonium salts. There is evidence, however, that most of the tetraaryl compounds contain pentacovalent antimony. The perchlorate [(C3H3)4Sb](ClO, however, is ionic (186). The tetraalkyl haUdes are readily prepared by quaternization of the corresponding tertiary stibiaes ... 

Strong acids or superacid systems generate stable fluorinated carbocations [40, 42] Treatment of tetrafluorobenzbarrelene with arenesulfonyl chlorides in nitro-methane-lithium perchlorate yields a crystalline salt with a rearranged benzo barrelene skeleton [43] Ionization of polycyclic adducts of difluorocarbene and derivatives of bornadiene with antimony pentafluonde in fluorosulfonyl chloride yields stable cations [44, 45]... 

Antimony and Bismuth. In attempting to dissolve alloys of these metals in hot 72% perchloric ac, a coating was formed which was very sensitive and expl. The chem nature of the deposits was not ascertained (Ref 9)... 

Antimony (III) salts are thought to give rise to dangerous reactions with perchloric acid. There is no detail regarding the nature of the dangers. 

Treatment of tervalent compounds of antimony with perchloric acid can be very hazardous. 

Nicholson, D. G. el al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 817 Attempts to dissolve bismuth and its alloys in hot perchloric acid carry a very high risk of explosion. At 110°C a dark brown coating is formed, and if left in contact with the acid (hot or cold), explosion occurs sooner or later. The same is true of antimony and its tervalent compounds. 

See Other METAL PERCHLORATES, OXIDANTS 4041. Antimony(III) chloride oxide... 

Dichlorine oxide Oxidisable materials Iodine pentafluoride Metals Iodine Metals Nitrosyl fluoride Metals Perchloric acid Antimony(III) compounds Potassium dioxide Metals Potassium permanganate Antimony, etc. 

The acid digestion procedure described above for biological tissues. Crock and Lichte [135] recently described a similar procedure, involving hydrofluoric as well as nitric, perchloric and sulphuric acids, for dissolution of geological materials prior to arsenic and antimony determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

It may accept more corrosive spray-reagents, for example cone, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, perchloric acid on antimony trichloride and the sprayed plates could be heated upto 110-120 °C without any darkening whatsoever,... 

Chlorine, Antimony trichloride, Tetramethylsilane, 4047 Chlorine, 2-Chloroalkyl aryl sulfides, Lithium perchlorate, 4047 Sulfur tetrafluoride, 2-(Hydroxymethyl)furan, Triethylamine, 4350 Titanium, Halogens, 4919... 

For the related compounds, phenothiazine and phenoxazine, the reduced form is stable under ambient conditions and oxidation occurs in two one-electron steps. A comparison between the redox behaviour of the two compounds is best made in an antimony trichloride medium where both the radical-cation and the dication levels are stable (Scheme 6.9) [225]. In perchloric acid, phenothiazine shows reversible... 

Under severe initiation conditions, ammonium perchlorate can be made to explode by itself [10]. Mixtures of ammonium perchlorate with sulfur and antimony sulfide are reported to be considerably more shock sensitive than comparable KCIO 3 compositions [2]. Ammonium perchlorate can be used to produce excellent colors, with little solid residue, but care must be exercised at all times with this oxidizer. The explosive properties of this material suggest that minimum amounts of bulk composition should be prepared at one time, and large quantities should not be stored at manufacturing sites. 

Several metallic sulfide compounds have been used as fuels in pyrotechnic compositions. Antimony trisulfide, Sb 2S3, is a reasonably low-melting material (m.p. 548°C) with a heat of combustion of approximately 1 kcal/gram. It is easily ignited and can be used to aid in the ignition of more difficult fuels, serving as a "tinder" in the same way that elemental sulfur does. It has been used in the fireworks industry for white fire compositions and has been used in place of sulfur in "flash and sound" mixtures with potassium perchlorate and aluminum. 

The standard American flash and sound composition is a blend of potassium perchlorate, sulfur or antimony sulfide, and aluminum. The ignition temperature of this formulation is several hundred degrees higher than chlorate-based mixtures, but these are still very dangerous compositions because of their extreme sensitivity to spark and flame. Ignition of a small portion of a "flash and sound" mixture will rapidly propagate through the entire sample. These mixtures should only be prepared remotely, by experienced personnel. Table 8.5 hsts several "flash and sound" formulas. 

Sulfuric acid, Erythritol, Nitric acid. Sodium carbonate. Ethanol Zinc dust. Sulfur Potassium chlorate. Sulfur, Sugar Potassium perchlorate. Sodium salicylate Potassium perchlorate. Antimony trisulfide, Lampblack, Aluminum powder, Barium carbonate... 

Potassium chlorate. Sulfur, Charcoal powder Potassium chlorate. Sulfur, Antimony powder Sodium perchlorate. Aluminum powder... 

Potassium perchlorate. Antimony sulfide, Rhodamine red. Dextrin... 

Potassium bichromate. Antimony sulfide Potassium permanganate. Powdered sugar Barium chlorate, Paraffln wax Potassium perchlorate. Cane sugar Sodium nitrate. Sulfur Sodium peroxide. Sulfur Sodium chlorite. Aluminum powder Magnesium chlorate. Aluminum powder Guanidine nitrate. Antimony powder Ammonium nitrate. Gasoline... 

Potassium perchlorate, Antimony sulfide, Rhodamine red, Dextrin Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium perchlorate, Epoxy resin, Aluminum powder... 

A formulation based on antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3)-20%, potassium perchlorate (KC104)-8% and barium chromate(BaCr04)-72% (with NC as binder) is a well-known slow-burning delay formulation with a burning rate of 0.43 cm s 1. The burning rate decreases to 0.23 cms 1 on substitution of barium chromate by bismuth chromate. These formulations are safe to handle as revealed by the sensitivity data [26]. 

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