Ammonium nitrate, powdered

Ingredients Ammonium nitrate powder Ammonal Ammon gelatine dynamite Ammon gelignite Semi-gelatine Nitroglycerine powder... 

Ammonium Nitrate Powder (AN 92 carbon aceous material 8%) (powdery, d 1.15 strength 81% of BG)... 

Ammonium Nitrate. Powdered Ni with fused ammonium nitrate explodes below... 

The mixture of ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminium is an explosive known as ammonal. 

Ammonium nitrate Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, flnely divided organic or combustible materials, perchlorates, urea... 

In commercial practice, powdered explosives on an ammonium nitrate basis are used in most cases. Typical detonation velocities are between 1800 and 3500 m/s depending on the metal system to be bonded. The lower detonation velocity range is preferred for many metal systems in order to minimize the quantity of solidified melt associated with the bond-zone waves (12). In addition, subsonic detonation velocity explosives are required for the parallel cladding technique in order to avoid attached shock waves in the coUision region, which preclude formation of a good bond. 

When used in blasting, ammonium nitrate is mixed with fuel oil and sometimes sensitizers such as powdered aluminum. Lower density ammonium nitrate is preferred for explosive formulation, because it absorbs the oil more effectively. When detonated,these mixtures have an explosive power of 40 to 50% that of TNT (see Explosives and propellants). 

Alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. sodium, potassium lithium, magnesium, calcium, powdered aluminium Anhydrous ammonia Ammonium nitrate... 

In World War II, foe Germans made use of otherwise unusable airplane parts by grinding them up into powdered aluminum. This was made to react with ammonium nitrate to produce powerful bombs. The products of this reaction were nitrogen gas, steam, and aluminum oxide. If 10.00 kg of ammonium nitrate is mixed with 10.00 kg of powdered aluminum, how much heat is generated ... 

Minol-2 Composition), following requirements Ammonium Nitrate, % (Spec MIL-A-50460) Aluminum Powder, % (Spec MIL-A-51L) TNT, %... 

Ammonium nitrate detonates at temperatures greater than 250 C when it is pure, but at 170° and above in the presence of chloride ions, in particular with ammonium chloride (in the presence of this, a mixture of zinc powder and ammonium nitrate, in contact with a few drops of water, created a spectacular flare-up). Also, if it is heated with 50% of its weight in water, it detonates. 

Nickei powder gives rise to dangerous reactions, which has led to accidents with potassium perchlorate (ignition), with chlorine at 600°C (ignition) and with ammonium nitrate at about 200°C (detonation). It catalyses the explosive decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 

It violently reacts with strong oxidants such as ammonium perchlorate (ignition in contact with copper pip ), alkaline chlorates (detonation by heating, impact or friction powdered copper), ammonium nitrate (detonation molten ammonium nitrate and powdered copper) and potassium superoxide (copper glows). 

Powdered antimony reacts explosively when it is carefully mixed with alkaline nitrates alkaline antimonates are formed. The same happens with molten ammonium nitrate, which combusts violently when it is ground up with potassium permanganate (to be compared with arsenic on p.210). 

Iodine reacts dangerously with numerous elements. Thus, with aluminium, magnesium or powdered zinc, the mixture with iodine in contact with a drop of water gives rise to a flash , which is extremely violent and blinding. In the very spectacular experiment involving ammonium nitrate and zinc described on p.208 and carried out with students, it is recommended to Incorporate a small quantity of iodine before throwing a few drops of water on the mixture. 

A mixture of 27% of formamide, 51% of calcium nitrate, 12% of ammonium nitrate and 10% of water detonates at -20 C. On adding powdered aluminium, this mixture becomes more disruptive. 

The preparation of powder explosives is in essence simple. In the case of mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil in particular, the only requirement is a method of mixing which does not cause undue breakdown of the absorbent grains of ammonium nitrate. Hand mixing is employed for small quantities, otherwise some form of rotating container or gently stirred vessel. 

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