Preservatives Antimicrobials, Biocides

Uses Antimicrobial, biocide, preservative for metalworking fluids, polymer emulsions, cooling tower water treatment, paints, topical pharmaceuticals slimicide for paper mills food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105, 176.170 Trade Name Synonyms Kathon 886 f[Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon 886 MW [Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com] Rohm Haas France] Kathon CG/ICP [Rohm Haas http //WWW. rohmhaas. com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon LX [Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon WT [Rohm ... 

Uses Antimicrobial, biocide, preservative for metalworking fluids, polymer emulsions, cooling tower water treatment, paints, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals sllmiclde for paper mills food-pkg. adhesives In paper/paperboard In contact with aq. /fatty... 

Preservatives (antimicrobials/biocides) Controlling and stopping microbiological deterioration ... 

Uses Antimicrobial in swimming pools biocide, preservative, deodorizing agent for leather, fur, hides, skins esp. for use in soaking surfactant Features Increased temp, and pH enhances efficiency Properties Cl. liq. water-sol. pH 6-7 (10%) 50% ad. 

Contraction in the number of EPA-allowed biocides has heightened efforts to develop naturally derived preservatives and microorganisms capable of countering microbial degradation. Neem oil A. dirachta indica seed extract) has been featured as an exceptional natural candidate for the preservation of cosmetic products. Naturally derived chemicals with antimicrobial properties have been used since antiquity as preservatives. However, displacement of successhil synthetic products by natural products in preservatives of any category remains to be witnessed. 

The key markets for quaternaries are as swimming pool algaecides and in cooling water appHcations (see Water, treatment of swimming pools, spas, AND HOTTUBs), which further explains their importance as process biocides rather than preservatives. Some uses in latex films and plastics have been claimed (14,15). Primary quaternary ammonium industrial antimicrobial agents and their producers are presented in Table 4. 

Boron, as barium metaborate, is marketed as a mildew preventative for paints (273). Borax is used as a wood preservative, and an organic boron, 2,2 -(l-methyltrimethylenedioxy)-bis(4,4,6-trimethyl)-l,3,2-dioxaborinane (Biobor JF) [14697-50-80] is a biocide for jet fuel (274). Whereas tin metal is used to coat steel cans used as food containers, organic tin in the form of tributyl tin compounds have proven to be powerfiil antimicrobials, and have found use in antifouHng coatings for ship bottoms, paints, and wood preservatives (275). 

CEFIC has estimated that more than 60% of the 2,000 biocidal active ingredients and of the 20,000 formulated biocidal products containing them currently marketed in the EU may eventually be withdrawn as a result of the implementation of the Biocidal Products Directive. Avecia believes the BPD is likely to restrict new product development and increase the costs of notifying and listing active substances, meaning that research on new actives will be difficult to justify. Avecia Protection Hygiene develops and produces antimicrobials for more than 25 applications in industrial preservation, disinfection, plastics, textiles and personal care, and it continues to develop new products. 

A widely used biocide and preservation product is formaldehyde. Solutions of formaldehyde in water, called formalin, were used for disinfection and conservation, for example, of biological samples for display. Bound formaldehyde is released in small amounts from common easy-care and durable press finishes (Chapter 5). Therefore these finishes include - at least until they are washed - a small antimicrobial side effect. This can also be true for some quaternary compounds, for example wet fastness improvers and softeners. But for more effective requirements specific antimicrobial finishes are necessary. 

Antimicrobial drugs are widely used in topical medicaments, cosmetics, household products, and industrial biocides. Depending on their concentrations, they can function as disinfectants, antiseptics, or preservatives. The prevalence and rank order of sensitization to antimicrobial allergens in Europe have been reviewed (1,2). The most frequent antimicrobial allergens in 8521 patients who were patch-tested between 1985 and 1997 in Belgium are given in Table 1 (2). 

Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W, Frosch PJ. Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicentre study. Br J Dermatol... 

Key terms such as disinfection, sterilization and preservation are defined in Chapter 17 but other terms are often employed to describe the antimicrobial activity of agents. Hence, terms such as biocidal, bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal describe a killing activity, whereas bacteriostatic and fungistatic refer to inhibition of growth of the organism... 

Drugs able to affect outer-membrane integrity have also been exploited as potentiators of antimicrobial agents (biocides, i.e. disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives, and antibiotics) thereby helping these to penetrate the outer membrane of Gramnegative organisms and especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

For decades, manufacturers of latex coatings had to employ separate biocides to preserve paint in the can and prevent mildew growth on dry film because none of the available products had the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy required to serve in both capacities. Rohm Haas has a novel isothiazolinone biocide that provides paint manufacturers with a highly effective, two-for-one alternative to conventional biocide packages and eliminates the need for separate in-can preservatives and mildewcides. Rozone 2000 biocide has low water... 

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