Antimetastatic/antitumor effect

Experimental studies have also reported that aloe juice has antimetastatic activity and aloe extract inhibits induction of preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions. Antitumor effects of aloe extract may also depend on the ability to augment tumor-specific immunity. These findings have encouraged cancer treatment in humans with a preparation composed of aloe (5 years old) fresh leaf 300 g,... 

Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of royal jelly significantly did not differ at doses between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/k of royal jelly. As shown in Fig. (3) , metastasis to the liver was caused by implantation of LLC cells. The area of metastatic tumors in the liver in royal jelly-treated mice was smaller than that in control mice Fig. (3) and Table (1) . 

This finding indicates that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of royal jelly may be partly due to the direct inhibition of angiogenesis induced by solid tumors. This is the first report showing that royal jelly has an anti-angiogenic effect. 

To characterize the antitumor and/or antimetastatic activities, the effects of carp oil and oleic acid on DNA synthesis in LLC cells, adherence of LLC cells to human adult dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC), and Matrigel-induced angiogenesis (in vitro and in vivo) were tested. Carp oil inhibited DNA synthesis in LLC cells at 100 and 1000 pg/mL, but not at 0.1 to 10 pg/mL Table (10) . Oleic acid inhibited DNA synthesis in LLC cells at 1000 pM Table (11) . Carp oil inhibited the Matrigel-induced tube-like network formation of HMVEC at 1000 pg/mL, but not at 0.1 to 100 pg/mL Table (10) . 

On the other hand, the inhibitory actions of oleic acid on metastasis in the liver and metastatic tumor growth in the liver, cannot be explained by the effects of DNA synthesis in LLC cells, and microvascular endothelial cells, or the adherence of LLC cells to the microvascular endothelium rather, these inhibitory actions by oleic acid are partly attributable to the inhibition of the angiogenesis induced by tumors. In conclusion, it seems likely that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of carp oil may be partly ascribed to a fatty acid, oleic acid, as an active substance. However, the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of carp oil are insufficiently by themselves to explain the action of oleic acid. Further work is in progress to identify the active substance(s) in carp oil. 

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