Antifungal preparations topical

The therapeutic use of sodium propionate in topical antifungal preparations has largely been superseded by a new generation of antifungal drugs. A specification for sodium propionate is contained in the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC). The EINECS number for sodium propionate is 205-290-4. 

The currently available topical ophthalmic antifungal preparation is a polyene, natamycin (Natacyn). 

Nifuroxime. The anti form of the oxime prepared from 5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde and hydroxylarnine, has been marketed for topical use as an antibacterial or an antifungal agent (1,17). 

Tea tree oil comes from an evergreen tree native to Australia. The herb has been used as a nonirritating, antimicrobial for cuts stings wounds burns and acne. It can be found in shampoos soaps and lotions. Tea tree oil should not be ingested orally but is effective when used topically for minor cuts and stings. Tea tree oil is used as an antifungal to relieve and control the symptoms of tinea pedis Topical application is most effective when used in a cream with at least 10% tea tree oil. Several commercially prepared ointments are available. The cream is applied to affected areas twice daily for several weeks... 

Of a series of indanylthiocarbamates, to1 indate (2) had significant antifungal properties. It is prepared simply from 5-indanyl thionochloroformate (1) by reaction with N-methyl-m-toluidine. It presumably joins the fairly large family of organic compounds having sulfur divalently bound to carbon which are useful topical agents for dermatophytes. 

Antifungal topical preparations Butenafine, 1% (cream) apply to affected areas once daily Lotrimin Ultra Effective for the treatment of tinea pedis (athlete s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm). Clotrimazole and miconazole also effective against Candida albicans. Clinicians should be aware that products carrying the same brand name do not... 

Abstract Emulsions of silicone polymers having p-cyclodextrin units as lateral chains have been prepared and used for the encapsulation of the antifungal drug griseofulvin. Such technology enables the formulation of active substances that are not soluble in water as dosage fonns for topical administration. 

Benzoic acid also has a long history of use as an antifungal agent in topical therapeutic preparations such as Whitfield s ointment (benzoic acid 6% and salicylic acid 3%). 

Potassium sorbate is an antimicrobial preservative, with antibacterial and antifungal properties used in pharmaceuticals, foods, enteral preparations, and cosmetics. Generally, it is used at concentrations of 0.1-0.2% in oral and topical formulations, especially those containing nonionic surfactants. Potassium sorbate has been used to enhance the ocular bioavailability of timolol. 

The antibacterial and antifungal properties of organomercurials have resulted in their long-term use as topical disinfectants (thimerosal and merbro-min) and preservatives in medical preparations (thimerosal) and grain products (both methyl and ethyl mercurials). Phenylmercury has been used in the past in paints, and dialkyl mercurials are still used in some industrial processes and in the calibration of certain analytical laboratory equipment. A major issue in recent years has been the presence of mercury in some vaccines, for example, in the vaccine preservative thimerosal - this has led to suspension of some vaccination programs and the development of preservative-free (i.e., mercury-free) vaccines as replacements. 

The classes of drug for which topical veterinary preparations are commercially available include ectoparasiticides, antibacterial agents, antifungal... 

Tolnaftate is a synthetic antifungal agent with a narrow spectrum of activity which is limited to dermatophytes (Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.). It could be used to treat mild localized dermatophytic infection. For topical application to dogs, tolnaftate is formulated as a 1% cream containing both polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The powder aerosol preparation is less likely to be effective for treatment, but could be applied to prevent spread of the infection. 

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