Dialkyl mercury

Both halves of a diaryl ditellurium molecule are transformed into aryl alkyl tellurium compounds in reactions with dialkyl mercury compounds1 2. Diphenyl mercury did not react1. 

Organolithium solutions are pyrophoric and should be handled with caution. Dialkyl-mercury(II) compounds are toxic furthermore, the lower members are volatile. 

The antibacterial and antifungal properties of organomercurials have resulted in their long-term use as topical disinfectants (thimerosal and merbro-min) and preservatives in medical preparations (thimerosal) and grain products (both methyl and ethyl mercurials). Phenylmercury has been used in the past in paints, and dialkyl mercurials are still used in some industrial processes and in the calibration of certain analytical laboratory equipment. A major issue in recent years has been the presence of mercury in some vaccines, for example, in the vaccine preservative thimerosal - this has led to suspension of some vaccination programs and the development of preservative-free (i.e., mercury-free) vaccines as replacements. 

Occupational mercury exposures generally occur when workers inhale metallic mercury vapors. Some dermal absorption may occur from skin contact with contaminated air, but the rate is low (less than 3% of the inhaled dose). Dialkyl mercury compounds, which are not normally found in hazardous waste sites, are rapidly and extensively absorbed from both dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. 

Death. Inhalation of sufficiently high concentrations of metallic and organic mercury vapors, ingestion of sufficiently high doses of organic and inorganic mercury, and exposure to dialkyl mercurials by any route can be fatal to humans and animals. In the cases of both inhalation and dermal exposure to dialkyl-organomercurials (e.g., diethyl- and dimethylmercury), acute exposures that appear innocuous or... 

A general method of preparation of alkyl phosphonous dihalides is the reaction of phosphorus trihalide with a dialkyl mercury, a dialkyl cadmium or a trialkyl aluminium. 

SuIfona.tlon, Sulfonation is a common reaction with dialkyl sulfates, either by slow decomposition on heating with the release of SO or by attack at the sulfur end of the O—S bond (63). Reaction products are usually the dimethyl ether, methanol, sulfonic acid, and methyl sulfonates, corresponding to both routes. Reactive aromatics are commonly those with higher reactivity to electrophilic substitution at temperatures > 100° C. Tn phenylamine, diphenylmethylamine, anisole, and diphenyl ether exhibit ring sulfonation at 150—160°C, 140°C, 155—160°C, and 180—190°C, respectively, but diphenyl ketone and benzyl methyl ether do not react up to 190°C. Diphenyl amine methylates and then sulfonates. Catalysis of sulfonation of anthraquinone by dimethyl sulfate occurs with thaHium(III) oxide or mercury(II) oxide at 170°C. Alkyl interchange also gives sulfation. 

Beryllium dialkyls (BeR2, R = Me, Et, Pr", Pr, Bu etc.) can be made by reacting lithium alkyls or Grignard reagents with BeCl2 in ethereal solution, but the products are difficult to free from ether and, when pure compounds rather than solutions are required, a better route is by heating Be metal with the appropriate mercury dialkyl ... 

Azoalkanes have been prepared by oxidation of N,H -(lialkylhydrazines with copper(II) chloride or with yellow mercury (II) oxide.The dialkyl hydrazines are obtained by Jilivylation of N,N -diformylhydrazine and subsequent hydrolysis, by reduction of the corresponding azine with lithium aluminum hydride, or by catalytic hydrogenation of the azine over a platinum catalyst. 

Dialkyl sulphones are not reducible at a mercury cathode. Aryl alkyl and diaryl sulphones are however reduced with cleavage of a carbon-sulphur bond. Polaro-graphic half-wave potentials for this process are given in Table 5.6. One-electron addition in aprotic media to phenyl methyl sulphone [66] and to diphenyl sulphone [67] leads in both cases to a delocalised radical-anion in which the sulphone grorqj can be described as contributing a vacant symmetrical dx-orbital to the conjugated system. Phenyl methyl sulphone radical-anion is prepared and characterised in liq-... 

The trialkyls also may be obtained by reaction of mercury dialkyls with indium ... 

Mercury dimethyl undergoes single replacement reactions with several metals such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum, tin, lead and bismuth forming their corresponding dialkyls. 

The possibility of studying the heterogeneous ET to dialkyl peroxides at the mercury electrode has provided the opportunity to test the dissociative ET theory using experimental activation/driving force relationships. It was thus possible to observe parabolic patterns in agreement with the theory and to use the potential dependence of a to determine the double-layer corrected values. Thus, using the convolution analysis approach, values for E roor/rovro were determined for a number of peroxides in both acetonitrile and DMF solutions. Representative results are summarized in Table 4. 

The action of 1% methanolic hydrogen chloride on 1,2-O-iso-propylidene -3,5-di - O - p-tolylsulfonyl-D-xylofuranose (65) leads,81 after boiling for three hours under reflux, to 2,5-anhydro-3-0-p-tolylsulfonyl-D-xylose dimethyl acetal (66). The structure of 66 was demonstrated by conversion into the disulfonate 67 this was prepared independently from a 2,5-anhydro-D-xylose dialkyl dithio-acetal72 (48) by p-toluenesulfonylation followed by exchange of the acetal group in methanol in the presence of mercury salts. 

Photolysis of dialkyl- and alkyl-diazirines has been broadly investigated since the products formed gave evidence of shortlived intermediates possessing excess vibrational energy. As shown in Scheme 1 diazirines (3) were photoactivated to (235) by irradiation with a medium pressure mercury lamp with quantum yields smaller than one this means reversibly. Nitrogen extrusion yielded carbenes (236). These rearranged to the primary products, alkenes and... 

The most extensively investigated 1,2-diazocines are 3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro derivatives, of interest in connection with studies on the properties of cyclic azo compounds. These compounds are obtained from the hydrazines (159) usually not isolated, by oxidation with yellow mercury(II) oxide. 3,8-Diaryloctahydrodiazocines are prepared by reduction of the azines dialkyl and unsubstituted derivatives are obtained by hydrolysis of the N,N-bis(ethoxycarbonyl) compounds (69JA3226,70JA4922). Cyclization of 2,7-diaminooctane with IFs gave the 3,3,8,8-tetramethyl compound (78CB596). 

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