Antibodies clinical applications

Cho, B. 2002. Clinical applications of TSH receptor antibodies in thyroid diseases. Journal of Korean Medical Science 17(3), 293-301. 

Progress in the field of drug targeting has been slow till thirty years ago. With the advent of the monoclonal antibody technology in the mid seventies of the last century as well as the development of liposomal devices as carriers did the drug targeting field expand and did the clinical application become a feasible aim. 

What has been achieved until now In the year 2001, several liposome and antibody based strategies have been or will soon be approved for clinical application, some for the treatment of cancer, some for the treatment of bacterial infections, some for chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore many monoclonal antibodies without a drug or pharmacologically active molecule attached are in the clinic. Their intrinsic targeting and effector function is obviously sufficient for the pharmacological effect. 

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES THAT TARGET LIGANDS AND RECEPTORS... 

Table 10.3. Range of clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies Induction of passive immunity...

No patient experienced a significant adverse effect related to the procedure. None developed antibodies against factor VIII, and there was no cellular immune response to the fibroblasts. Four months later, four patients had higher levels of factor VIII than they had at baseline, although none was able to completely forgo replacement therapy. The findings are a first step toward clinical application, but many issues need to be clarified, especially why two patients failed to show any response. 

Thorpe, P. E. (1985) Antibody carriers of cytotoxic agents in cancer therapy a review, in Monoclonal Antibodies 84 Biological and Clinical Applications (Pinchera, A., Doria, G., Dammacco, F., and Bargellesi, E., eds.), Editrice Kurds s. r. 1., Milan, pp. 475-506. 

However, for clinical applications, nucleic acids are only a fraction of a broad and very inhomogeneous range of possible analytes, starting with large proteins like antibodies and also including small molecule hormones and markers for various diseases. 

I, TSukimoto, I. Mitsui, H. I was hits, et al. Improved measurements of anti-1-asparaginase IgG antibody and its clinical applications. JUtufto Keisueki 53 24 (1992),... 

In 1995, scientists at Scripps Research Institute reported the development of a vaccine that elicits antibodies to cocaine. The nature of the antigen is a cocaine analog bound covalently to a protein with a Monty Python-like name, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Administration of the complex resulted in a reduction of the psychoactive response to subsequently administered cocaine. In experiments in rats, the antibodies bound cocaine in the bloodstream and prevented the drug from crossing the blood-brain barrier. A potential clinical application would be to immunize cocaine abusers... 

More than twenty years of rodent monoclonal antibody generation by the classical hybridoma technology has yielded a number of promising therapeutic candidates and their humanization compares well to the de novo generation and characterization of human antibodies for accessing clinical applications in the coming years. 

Yan M (2002) Molecular Imprinted Polymers as Antibody Mimics Applications in Immunoassays and Recent Developments. Journal of Clinical Ligand Assay 25(2) 234-236... 

Monoclonal The preclinical testing strongly depends on the type of product, intended frequency antibodies of application, dose, intended clinical therapeutic or diagnostic effect and should be decided on a case by case basis. Complement-binding and cross-reactivity with human tissue should be tested. 

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