Antibodies, as carriers

Finkelman, F.D., Madden, KB., Morris, S.C., Flolmes, J.M., Boiani, N., Katona, I.M. and Maliszewski, C.R. (1993) Anti-cytokine antibodies as carrier proteins prolongation of in vivo effects of exogenous cytokines by injection of cytokine-anti-cytokine antibody complexes. Journal of Immunology 151, 1235-1244. 

Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T. 1967. Identification of gamma-E-antibodies as carrier of reaginic activity. J Immunol. 99 1187-1198. 

An alternative strategy for chemotherapy is the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers for enzymes to tumor cell surfaces. The enzymes convert relatively nontoxic drug precursors (prodrugs) into active anticancer drugs. ... 

The mathematical model described here has illustrated that electrochemical effects can significantly influence protein flux in an affinity-mediated transport system. The system considered consists of a supported liquid membrane containing a pH-sensitive monoclonal antibody as carrier and human growth hormone as permeant. On a microscopic scale, Donnan inclusion of the hormone can increase the flux of hormone into the membrane. This allows more complex to be formed and simultaneously generates a steep hormone concentration gradient which drives a greater flux of free hormone than would occur in the absence of inclusion. 

The use of antibodies as carriers of cytotoxic drug, radioisotopes, toxins, and enzymes offers hope of achieving greater specificity by chemotherapeutic means. 

Sedalacek H-H, Seemann G, Hoffmann D, Czech J, Lorenz P, Kolar C, Bosslet K. Antibodies as Carriers of Cytotoxicity. Contributions to Oncology. Vol. 43. Munich, Germany Karger, 1992. 

Thyroglobulin and ovalbumin (OVA) are used less often as carriers, but they are particularly valuable as non-relevant carriers in ELISA tests designed to measure the antibody response... 

The feasibility of polymeric biodegradable lipospheres as carriers for the controlled release of a recombinant malaria antigen was also demonstrated. Polymeric lipospheres containing R32NS1 malaria antigen were able to induce very high levels of antibody activity after a single injection, in the absence of immunomodulators. 

Alving CR, et al. Liposomes as carriers of peptide antigens induction of antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to conjugated and unconjugated peptides. Immunol Rev 1995 145 5. 

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against tumour-associated antigens or growth factors using their intrinsic activity or used as carriers to target cytotoxic drugs, radionuclides and toxins (Section 8.5.1). 

Progress in the field of drug targeting has been slow till thirty years ago. With the advent of the monoclonal antibody technology in the mid seventies of the last century as well as the development of liposomal devices as carriers did the drug targeting field expand and did the clinical application become a feasible aim. 

Chekhonin, V., et al. 1991. Fatty acid acylated Fab-fragments of antibodies to neurospecific proteins as carriers for neuroleptic targeted delivery in brain. FEBS Lett 287 149. 

Maa et al. [3.84] used spray drying and spray freeze-drying (see Chapter 5, [5.13, 5.14]) to produce protein powders for inhalation from deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (anti-IgE Mab) with lactose as carrier. Spray freezedrying produced light and porous protein particles with superior aerosol performance. 

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