Antibacterial surfaces

Lichter JA, Van Vliet KJ, Rubner MF (2009) Design of antibacterial surfaces and interfaces polyelectrolyte multilayers as a multifunctional platform. Macromolecules 42 8573-8586... 

Lee SB, Koepsel RR, Morley SW et al. (2004) Permanent, nonleaching antibacterial surfaces. 1. Synthesis by atom transfer radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 5 877-882... 

Murata H, Koepsel RR, Matyjaszewski K et al. (2007) Permanent, non-leaching antibacterial surfaces - 2 How high density cationic surfaces kill bacterial cells. Biomaterials 28 4870-4879... 

Metal oxides are of paramount importance in many areas of chemistry, physics and materials science [1]. They are utilized in microelectronic circuits, sensors, piezoelectric devices, corrosion protection coatings, self-cleaning/antibacterial surfaces. 

This detailed article reports on the latest developments by three groups of researchers in the field of antibacterial surface treatments for glass, some polymers (such as PE, PP, nylon, and PETP), and porous materials which are carbohydrate-based. The three teams believe their antibacterial treatments will not worsen the increasing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Full details of the developments are provided. MASSACHUSETTS,INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NEW YORK,PACE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK,CITY UNIVERSITY LONG ISLAND,UNIVERSITY TOKYO,INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE PENNSYLVANIA,UNIVERSITY MASSACHUSETTS,UNIVERSITY ... 

Nanosheets, Nanofibers, NS-Ti02, Sol-gel process. Nanoclays, Doped-Ti02, Hydrothermal process. Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Solar cell. Lithium batteries. Antibacterial surfaces. Self-cleaning surfaces, Photocatalytic cancer treatment, H2 production. Environmental remediation. Immobilized 7702. 

FIGURE 56.11 Schematic illustration of stimuli for microcapsule loading and release. (Reprinted from Macromolecules, 42(22), Lichter, J.A., VariVliet, K.J., and Rubner, M.F., Design of antibacterial surfaces and interfaces. Polyelectrolyte multilayers as a multifunctional platform, 8573-8586. Copyright 2009, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

The antibacterial surface and antifouling surface need specially designed surface finishing. To solve many industrial problems from hygiene, corrosion, scale buildup on pipes, etc. to new novel sensors, fuel cells, and environmental cleanup, new surface finishing processes are required. Most of them should be able to produce environmentally friendly surfaces for materials. In the next section, we mention our own research about such an environmentally friendly surface finishing process. 

FIGURE 5.5.2 Switchable antibacterial surfaces [52]. (a) Mechanism of reversible cycles between attack and protect against bacterial cells using zwitterionic polymer-grafted surfaces, (b) Number of Escherichia coli K12 cells on the surfaces before and after the releasing procedure. 

Silver has been used as antibacterial on cotton and artificial fibers such as polyester, polyamide, and wound pads, thin polymer films such as polyethylene. Silver biocide surfaces are the strongest growth segment in medical and health-care apphcafions. The silver ion-release kinetics ° over extended operational times and low cytotoxicity (biocompatibility) determine its effective use when deposited onto antibacterial surfaces.The nanoparticles of Ag exhibit bacterial and fungicidal properties. They can accumulate on the cell wall of bacteria and release Ag ions that penetrate into cells through the wall porins owing to their small size. ... 

Vasilev K, Cook J, Griesser H. Antibacterial surfaces for biomedical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009 6 553-67. 

Consumer care Oral hygiene, shampoo, antibacterial surfaces Microparticles + +... 

Hasan J, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Antibacterial surfaces the quest for a new generation of biomateiials. Trends Biotechnol 2013 31(5) 295-304. 

K. Vasilev, V.R. Sah, R.V. Goreham, C. Ndi, R.D. Short, and H.J. Griesser, Antibacterial surfaces by adsorptive binding of polyvinyl-sulphonate-stabilized silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 21, 215102, 2010. 

The barcodes have been primarily used to assure brand and authenticity in pharmaceuticals, but applications could be forthcoming in tracing food batches. Combined with pathogen sensors, the barcodes that must be read by modified microscopes could trace sources of outbreak. There are antibacterial surfaces for the machines involved in food processing or production. With the conventional methods of detection it takes hours to days. With molecular electronic based methods, biosensors, e-nose, microarrays, nanobiosensors (based on microfluidic, nanomaterials, DNA, etc.) it takes seconds to minutes. A biosensor developed by an Agricultural Research Service scientist, Athens, uses fluorescent dye particles attached to bacteria antibodies. If Salmonella bacteria are present in the food being tested, the nanoculturing results with these two examples of instantaneous sensors, sized dye particles become visible. No need to send out to the lab and wait days for results. 

Chen, Z., Zhu, X., Shi, Z.L., Neoh, K.G., Kang, E.T. 2005. Polymer Microspheres with Permanent Antibacterial Surface from Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Ind. F.no. Chem. Res. 44 7098-7104. 

Voccia, S., Ignatova, M., Jerome, R., Jerome, C. 2006. Design of Antibacterial Surfaces by a Combination of Electrochemistry and ControUed Radical Polymerization. La[Pg.224]

Li, L., Ke, Z. J., Yan, G. R, Wu, J. Y. (2008), Polyimide films with antibacterial surfaces from surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. Polymer International, 57, 1275-80. 

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