Antifouling surface

4 Bioapplications of Smart Polymer Surfaces 4.1 Antifouling Surfaces 

The mechanisms that prevent nonspecific adsorption are still under debate, and since there is no generally accepted, standardized testing method for nonspecific adsorption, results are often hard to compare. Work from Whitesides and coworkers suggested an important role of hydrogen bond acceptors [159, 177]. Many reports on sufficient suppression of nonspecific adsorption by polysaccharide coatings 

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These types of switchable electrode surfaces have been used to selectively pattern two different cell populations onto a surface [151] and additionally these surfaces can selectively release different cells at different applied potentials [152]. However, it is important to recognize that electrochemically switching a surface from inactive to conjugation and active to conjugation has been well explored with nitro-terminated aryl diazonium salts. In such studies, the application where very anodic potential resulted in a six-electron reduction to an amine [139], to which proteins could be attached [153-155]. The key difference is that the interaction of the biological medium with the surface is controlled by the presence of the antifouling layer. In many ways these electrode surfaces developed by Mrksich and coworkers [150-152, 156] are very similar to the antifouling surfaces with molecular wires discussed in Section 1.4.2 [131, 132, 138, 142]. In both cases the electrode is... 

Throughout this whole process, manufacturing methods and materials requirements may be overriding considerations. Can the enhancement be produced in the material that will survive any fouling and corrosion inherent in the environment Much work needs to be done to define the fouling/corrosion characteristics of enhanced surfaces [385], Particularly, antifouling surfaces need to be developed. 

The antibacterial surface and antifouling surface need specially designed surface finishing. To solve many industrial problems from hygiene, corrosion, scale buildup on pipes, etc. to new novel sensors, fuel cells, and environmental cleanup, new surface finishing processes are required. Most of them should be able to produce environmentally friendly surfaces for materials. In the next section, we mention our own research about such an environmentally friendly surface finishing process. 

As for antifouling surfaces, we confirmed that silane compound coatings dispersed by nano-antibacterial powders such as silver, copper, etc. or organic... 

Statz AR, Barron AE, Messersmith PB. lYotein, cell, and bacterial fouling resistance of polypeptoid-modified stufaces Effect of side-chain chemistry. Soft Matter 2008 4 131-139. Statz AR, Meagher RJ, Barron AE, Messersmith PB. New pep-tidomimetic polymers for antifouling surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2005 127 7972-7973. 

Figure 30 Antifouling surfaces platelet adhesion on (a) OTS-coated glass coverslip and (b) dendritic snrfactant polymCT-coated OTS-glass coverslip. (Reprinted with permission from J. Zhu and R. E. Marchant, Biomacromolecnles, 2006, 7, 1036. (2006) American Chemical Society.)...

The major disadvantage of eontaet-killing as well as antifouling surfaces is that they have to be perfeet to be effeetive. Only a few examples exist that tolerate surfaee deterioration to some extent. ... 

S. Park, Y.S. Chi, IS. Choi, J. Seong, S. Jon, A facile method for construction of antifouling surfaces by self-assembled polymeric monolayers of PEG-silane copolymers formed in aqueous medium, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 (2006) 3507-3511. 

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