Antibacterial preservatives

Inorganic Acids. Strong inorganic acids have little antimicrobial activity in themselves but inhibit microorganism growth by lowering the pH. Disinfectant toilet bowl cleaners that contain 9.5% HCl or more are antimicrobial. Carbonic acid [463-79-6] in soft drinks provides some antibacterial preservation. Sulfurous acid [7782-99-2] is an effective preservative used to preserve wines (see Wine), fmit juices (qv), and dried fmits. 

Tenecteplase (TNKase) is the first thrombolytic drug that can be administered during a period of 5 seconds in a single dose The drug is administered intravenously only and offers the fastest administration of a thrombolytic in the treatment of an acute MI. Specific instructions for reconstitution come with the drug. The drug is reconstituted immediately before use because it contains no antibacterial preservatives. 

Thiopentone sodium (Figure 4.3) is available as a yellow powder, stored in nitrogen to prevent atmospheric degradation, and mixed with 5% anhydrous sodium carbonate. The sodium carbonate prevents precipitation of the insoluble free acid and results in a solution with a pH of 10.5-11.0. The oil/water partition coefficient is 4.7 and the pKa 7.6. Although thiobarbiturate solutions are stable, if refrigerated, for up to two weeks, they should not be stored for longer than 24 hours as the solutions do not contain any antibacterial preservative. 

Methohexitone (Figure 4.3) is a water-soluble, methylated barbiturate with a pKa of 7.9. It is commercially available as a white powder, combined with 5% anhydrous sodium carbonate. The resultant 1% solution has a pH of 11.1 and although stable, when refrigerated for 6 weeks, should be discarded after 24 hours, as it does not contain an antibacterial preservative. 

Hugbo PG. Additivity and synergism in vitro as displayed by mixtures of some commonly employed antibacterial preservatives. Can J Pharm Sci 1976 11 17-20. 

LachmanL, Weinstein S, Hopkins G, etal. Stability of antibacterial preservatives in parenteral solutions I factors influencing the loss of antimicrobial agents from solutions in rubber-stoppered containers. J Pharm Set 1962 51 224-232. 

Antimicrobial activity isopropyl alcohol is bactericidal at concentrations greater than 70% v/v it is a mote effective antibacterial preservative than ethanol (95%). The bactericidal effect of aqueous solutions increases steadily as the concentration approaches 100% v/v. Isopropyl alcohol is ineffective against bacterial spores. 

Use Organic synthesis, synthetic rose oil, soaps, flavors, antibacterial, preservative. 

Oxaban . [Angus] Oxazolidines antibacterial, preservative for cosmetics. 

The possible health risks of thimerosal (CH CH —Hg—S—C H —COOH), an antibacterial preservative used in vaccines, have been debated. The FDA has determined that that there is a significant safety margin incorporated into all the acceptable mercury exposure limits, and there are no data or evidence of any harm caused by the level of exposure that some children may have encountered in following the existing immunization schedule. Nevertheless, the availability of vaccines with alternate preservatives led to the removal of all vaccines containing thimerosal. 

Infliximab is supplied as a sterile, white, lyophilized powder formulated for IV infusion. Following reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, the solution should be used immediately after reconstitution, because the vials do not contain antibacterial preservatives. The reconstituted solution should be colorless to light yellow and opalescent. 

Proteins from marine sources show promise as functional ingredients in foods because they possess numerous important and unique properties such as film and foaming capacity, gel-forming ability, and antimicrobial activity (Table I). Some of the most prevalent marine proteins used in foods are collagen, gelatin, and albumin, all of which can be extracted from fish and seafood by-products. The protein protamine has also shown promise for use in the food industry as a natural antibacterial preservative. 

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which acts as a polycationic amphiphile. It is used in topical creams, ointments, lotions, eye preparations and eardrops, and as an antibacterial preservative agent in some vaccines. Neomycin exhibits exceptional activity against Gram-negative bacteria and also has partial activity against Grampositive bacteria [72],... 

Dichlorophene (dichlorodihydroxydiphenylmethane, G4, cuniphen) closely related to hexachlorophene, is used in dentifrices, shampoos, antiperspirants, deodorant preparations, and over-the-counter products for athlete s foot. It is also used as an antifungal and antibacterial preservative in textiles. Schorr (1970) reported three cases of contact allergy to dichlorophene in a skin lotion and a bandage used for stasis ulcers. Two of Epstein s (1966) three patients allergic to dichlorophene were apparently sensitized by cosmetic bases. According to Fisher and Tobin (1953) dichlorophene is a more potent sensitizer than hexachlorophene they did not find cross-reaction between these two substances as did Epstein (1966). 

Uses Antibacterial, preservative, wetting agent, solubilizer in cosmetics, emulsions, cough syrups, lozenges, topical sol ns. antimicrobial, antistat, deodorant agent, emulsifier, surfactant in cosmetics topical anti-infective antiseptic in pharmaceuticals Use Level 0.1%... 

Uses Emulsifier antibacterial, preservative for cosmetics and phamraceuticals Uniquart SP [Universal Preserv-A-Chem]... 

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