Antibacterial agents Preservatives

S. T. Sump Saver Tablets. [Angus] Tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane antibacterial agent preservative for metalwoildng fluids. 

Nitromethylidynetrimethanol Nitr-otris(hydroxymethyl)methane NSC 17675 S.S.T Sump Saver Tablets Trihydroxymethylnitromethane Trimethyl-olnitromethane Tris-Nitro Tris(hydroxy-methyl)nitro-methane. Antibacterial agent, preservative for water treatment, metalworking fluids, oil production, de-odorizing formaldehyde releaser. Used as a bactericide in pesticide products and consumer products, building materials or furnishings. Registered by EPA as an antimicrobial and disinfectant. Crystals mp = 165° bp dec very soluble in H2O (220 g/100 ml), EtOH, EtsO. Dow Chew. U.S.A. Hess Clark Inc. Whittaker Clark Daniels. 

Antibacterial agent, preservative in fruits, rice, and confectionaries... 

Another important bisphenol is dichlorophene (dichlorophane, methylene-bis(4-chlorophenol)) [97-23-4]. Whereas it is not as active against bacteria as hexachlorophane, it has found miscehaneous apphcations, eg, as a rot preservative for textiles (89) as a treatment for athlete s foot and for tapeworm in humans and domestic animals as a slimicide in paper manufacture and as an antibacterial agent in water-cooling systems (90). 

Stickler D.J. King J.B. (1998) Intrinsic resistance to non-antibiotic antibacterial agents. In Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilisation (eds A.D. Russell, W.B. Hugo G. A J. Ayliffe), 3rd edn. Oxford Blackwell Science. 

Bacterial H2 metabolism impacts on human activities in other ways. The corrosion of iron, for example, is accelerated by bacteria, particularly sulfate-reducing bacteria. They do not appear to interact with the iron directly, but with the hydrogen that is produced on the surface of iron in contact with water. For this reason antibacterial agents are used in preservative solutions for heating systems. 

Bronopol (Myacide AS) is a potent antibacterial agent with some activity against yeasts. It was developed originally by the Boots Company in the UK as a preservative for cosmetics and toiletry products and has been used extensively in these areas since the 1970s. More recently it has been adopted in industrial formulation systems due to its low use concentrations and good compatibility... 

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and hydrocortisone otic suspension contains the synthetic broad spectrum antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, combined with the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, hydrocortisone, in a preserved, nonsterile suspension for otic use. Each milliliter contains ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (equivalent to 2 mg... 

Sulfur burns in air with a bright blue flame to give sulfur dioxide (S02), a colorless gas with a pungent odor, which condenses to a liquid at — 10°C and 1 atm. Sulfur dioxide, a very effective antibacterial agent, is often used to preserve stored fruit. Its structure is given in Fig. 19.19. 

SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS In vitro studies In vivo studies Preservatives Parebers Phenols... 

Antibiotic combinations EDTA and other agents Gentamicin and other agents Carbenicillin Other agents B-Lactam antibiotics Combinations of preservatives Sensitivity to antibacterial agents... 

Chlorobutanol is primarily used in ophthalmic or parenteral dosage forms as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 0.5% w/v see Section 10. It is commonly used as an antibacterial agent for epinephrine solutions, posterior pituitary extract solutions, and ophthalmic preparations intended for the treatment of miosis. It is especially useful as an antibacterial agent in nonaqueous formulations. Chlorobutanol is also used as a preservative in cosmetics [see Section 16) as a plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers and has been used therapeutically as a mild sedative and local analgesic. 

Kohn SR, Gershenfeld L, Barr M. Effectiveness of antibacterial agents presently employed in ophthalmic preparations as preservatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharm Set 1963 52 967-974. 

When sulfur is burned in air, it reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide, which is used to preserve fruit and as an antibacterial agent. Sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere reacts with water vapor to form one of the acids in acid rain. More than 90% of the sulfur dioxide produced is used to make sulfuric acid. This inexpensive acid is used by so many industries that the amount of it produced can indicate the strength of an economy. About half the sulfuric acid produced is used to make fertilizers. Products ranging from steel to paper to paints also depend on this acid. 

Phenol (Fig. 17.7A) no longer plays any significant role as an antibacterial agent except as a preservative in some multi-dose parenteral products, e.g. vaccines. It is largely of historical interest, as it was used by Lister in the 1860s as a surgical antiseptic and has been a standard for comparison with other disinfectants in tests such as the Rideal Walker test. 

OTHER COMMENTS recommended for use in the preservation of starches, dextrins, and glues used as a wood preservative used in pressure treatment of lumber incorporated in paints, pulp stock, in pulp, paper, and hardboard used as a chemical intermediate for sodium pentachlorophenate used as a soil fumigant for termites, a preharvest defoliant on selected crops, and antibacterial agent in disinfectants and cleanser, an herbicide, algacide, germicide, and fungicide no longer available for over-the-counter sale in the Untied States. 

A major use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. 

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