Mannosylerythritol lipids

Surface plasmons Evanescent field Estrogen receptor a Mannosylerythritol lipid... 

Di-O-acyl, 4 andlor 6 -Ac Mannosylerythritol lipids. MEL Glycolipid complex prod, in high yield by Candida antarctica grown on soybean oil. Biosurfactant. 

Cricli, D. et al. Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 35-44 (Mannosylerythritol lipids, synth, confix... 

Mannosylerythritol lipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced mainly by Pseudozyma and some Ustilago species (Figure 14.5). 

They are considered as one of the most promising biosurfactants due to their excellent surface activity and versatile biochemical funaions. Mannosylerythritol lipids exhibit diverse functional properties, which reveal their appHcations in therapeutics, cosmetics, biomedical studies, and energy efficient technologies. Potential applications of mannosylerythritol lipids are shown in Table 14.2. ... 

Sajna et al. discussed the potential application of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) as laundry additives. GlycoHpids produced by Pseudozyma sp.NII 08165 are majorly composed... 

Figure 14.5 Structure of mannosylerythritol lipids produced by Candida antarctica. Adapted from Im JH, NakaneT, YanagishitaH, Ikegami T, KItamoto D. Mannosylerythritol lipid, a yeast extracellular glycolipid, shows high binding affinity towards human immunoglobulin C. BMC Biotechnology 2007 7 5.)...

Table 14.2 Potential commercial applications of mannosylerythritol lipids...

The antibacterial activity of mannosylerythritol lipids can be exploited in preparation of feed additives for live stocks. Apart from preventing the infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria, mannosylerythritol lipids contribute to the improvement in overall health of live stocks. Mannosylerythritol lipids are commercially available from Biotopia Co., Ltd, a South Korea-based biotech company andToyobo/J. 

Aratchelvi J, Bhaduri S, Uppara PV, Doble M. Mannosylerythritol lipids a review.JInd. Microbiol Bio-fec/TKol 2008 35 1559-70. 

Rau U, Nguyen LA, Roeper H, Koch H, Lang S. Downstream processing of mannosylerythritol lipids produced by Pseudozyma aphidis. Eurf Lipid Sci Technol 2005 107 373-80. 

Kim HS, Jeon JW, Kim BH, Ahn CY, Oh HM,Yoon BD. ExtraceUular production of a glycohpid biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid, by Candida sp. SY16 using fed-batch fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006 70 391-6. 

MoritaT, Kitagawa M, Suzuki M,Yamamoto S, So be A,Yanagidani S, ImuraT, et al. A yeast glyco-lipid biosui ctant, mannosylerythritol lipid, shows potential moisturizing activity toward cultured human skin cells the recovery effect of MEL-a on the SDS-damaged human skin cells. J Oleo Sci 2009 58 639-42. 

MoritaT, Kitagawa M,Yamamoto S, Sogabe A, ImuraT, FukuokaT, et al. Glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, repair the damaged hair.J Oleo Sd 2010 59 267-72. 

Mannosylerythritol lipids (Fig. 7), but not in association with cellobiose lipids, are also known from Candida antarctica T-34 [52,53], recently retermed to Pseudozyma sp. For biosynthesis studies, inhibitors of p-oxidation were used to clarify the fatty acid metabolism of MEL [54]. 2-Bromooctanoic acid drastically inhibited the lipid synthesis under growing and resting cell conditions. Moreover, the degree of the inhibition increased along with increases in both the inhibitor concentration and the chain length of the fatty acid substrate used. These results clearly provide additional... 

FIG. 7 Mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma sp. Candida antarcticd). 

At CMCs of 2-5 X 10 M, the mannosylerythritol lipids reduced the surface tension of water and the interfadal tension between water and n-tetradecane to about 28 and 2 mN/m, respectively [60]. To examine the emulsifying activity (o/w emulsions, optical density measurements at 620 nm) of MEL-A and B produced from n-octadecane, various oils were used [55]. They showed much higher activity for soybean oil than did Tween 80 at 50 mg/L. With respect to -tetradecane, the activity of MEL-A was higher than that of Tween 80 whereas that of MEL-B was similar. MEL-SY16 from C. antarctica sp SY16 lowered the water surface tension to 29 mN/m at CMC of 1.5 X 10 M (10 mg/L) the minimum interfacial tension was 0.1 mN/m against kerosene [57]. Evaluating the properties of mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma Candida ATCC 20509, it was observed that the culture broth decreased the water surface tension to 35 mN/m [56]. 

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