Anti-tumour effects

Interferons induce a wide range of biological effects. Generally, type I interferons induce similar effects, which are distinct from the effects induced by IFN-y. The most pronounced effect of type I interferons relates to their antiviral activity, as well as their anti-proliferative effect on various cell types, including certain tumour cell types. Anti-tumour effects are likely due not only to a direct anti-proliferative effect on the tumour cells themselves, but also due to the ability of type I interferons to increase NK and T-cytotoxic cell activity. These cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells. 

Howell A, DeFriend DJ, Robertson JF, Blarney RW, Anderson L, Anderson E, Sutcliffe FA, Walton P (1996) Pharmacokinetics, pharmacological and anti-tumour effects of the specific anti-oestrogen ICI 182780 in women with advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 74 300-308... 

Almost 20 years ago the ammonium tellnrolate AS 101 was demonstrated to possess immnnomodnlating properties and to mediate anti-tumour effects in rats. The same com-ponnd stimnlates hnman lymphoid cells to proliferate and produce lymphokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines in vitro ... 

CARMUSTINE ANTIEPILEPTICS -PHENOBARBITAL 1 plasma concentrations of carmustine and 1 anti-tumour effect in animal experiments Attributed to induction of liver metabolizing enzymes of carmustine by phenobarbitone, particularly with long-term therapy Avoid concurrent use. As this study did not show any interaction with phenytoin, phenytoin may be a suitable alternative antiepileptic... 

GEMCITABINE ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS-PACLITAXEL Possibly 1 anti-tumour effect in breast cancer Based on experiments on breast cell lines Avoid co-administration except in clinical trials... 

CORTICOSTEROIDS IL-2 X anti-tumour effect of IL-2 Corticosteroids inhibit the release of IL-2-induced tumour necrosis factor, thus opposing the pharmacological effect of IL-2 Avoid concurrent use if possible... 

Chelerythrine is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C [140], and an enormous number of papers from this area are now available. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine are the first non-peptide species to eTdiibit afSnity for rat liver vasopresin Vi recqttors [141]. A novel thetic QBA of the fracture 3, coded NK 109, has shown notable anti-tumour effects against several drag-resistent human tumour cells [142,143]. 

Mitomycin C, an antibiotic produced by fermentation of streptomyces, has been used extensively in Japan for the treatment of stomach cancer which is prevalent in that country. It probably acts after conversion into an alkylating agent in vivo, and it also contains quinone and urethane moieties which may contribute to its anti-tumour effect. A related series of compounds, the pyrol-lizidine alkaloids, occur in a variety of plants and are known to cause acute liver cytotoxicity when accidentally ingested93). Like mitomycin C, these agents are almost certainly metabolised in vivo by liver microsomes to alkylating agents which cause the liver toxicity. Some of these alkaloids have antitumour properties, presumably because the active metabolite formed in the liver is stable enough to reach the tumour. 

BREEMAN, W.A.P, MEARAD.TI, A., CAPELLO, A., BERNARD, B.F., VAN EIJCK, C.H.J., Anti-tumour effect and increased survival after treatment with [Lu-177-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate in a rat liver micrometastases model, Int. J. Cancer 104 (2003) 376-379. 

Interferons are produced by many cells of the immune system and some (interferon a) have anti-tumour effects. 

Early phase trials targeting the catalytic component of telomerase, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) with peptides, mRNA, plasmid, or viral DNA established that TERT-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses can be generated. Anti-tumour effects were demonstrated against a wide range of tumours [110]. Pharmexa has shown in phase II trials that patients receiving GVIOOI had a median lifetime of 8.6 months vs. 5 months for those on standard chemotherapy. 

DeWys WD, Bathina S. Synergistic anti-tumour effect of cyclic AMP elevation (induced by theophylline) and cytotoxic drug treatment. ProcAm Assoc Cancer Res (1978) 19,104. 

Anti-Tumour Effects of Purine Ribonucleotide Analogues... 

Anti-Tumour Effects of Other N -Substituted Adenosines... 

One group of workers has synthesised a range of N -substituted adenosines in the hope that they may show anti-tumour effects a significant proportion of them was found to have anti-tumour activity both in vitro and in vivo. 

Fite, A., Schofield, A.C., Wahle, K.W.J., and Heys, S.D. (2001) Potentiation of Anti-Tumour Effects of Docetaxel by Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Breast Cancer Cells, Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 27, 798. 

A. Ambruosi et al, Influence of surfactants, polymer and doxorubicin loading on the anti-tumour effect of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles in a rat glioma model. /. Microencapsul, 23(5), 582-592 (2006). 

Yoshimizu, N., Otani, Y., Saikawa, Y., etal. 2004. Anti-tumour Effects of Nobiletin, A Citrus Flavonoid, on Gastric Cancer Include Antiproliferative Effects, Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Detega slwn ,Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther., 7 95-101. 

Results obtained from human prostate cell cultures and cell-free systems demonstrated inhibitory effects of palmitoleic, oleic, and myristoleic acids on the activity of human and rat microsomal 5a-reductase, which converts testosterone into 5a-dihydrotestosterone (Liang and Liao, 1992). The latter binds to androgen receptors and functions in the nucleus to regulate the expression of specific genes. 5a-Dihydrotestosterone promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia and female hirsutism. Certain 4-azasteroids are potent competitive inhibitors of 5a-dihydrotestosterone and have shown therapeutic value for treating prostate cancer. The inhibitory effect of palmitoleic acid on microsomal 5a-reductase activity may represent a mechanism related to its anti-tumour effects. 

Ito, H, Kasawa, K, Naruse, S and Shimura, K (1982) Anti-tumour effect of pahnitoleic acid on Ehrlich ascites tumour. Cancer Lett., 17, 197-203. 

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