Animal waste products

The paper sets out the results obtained from the treatment of animal waste products by anaerobic digestion. An initial study was also made of the production of ammonia compounds in the waste products by anaerobic digestion. 

The sources of veterinary drug residues in food are clearly more limited in variety than those of pesticides. However, little attention seems to have been given to possible contamination of the environment and hence food by animal waste products containing residues of veterinary drugs. Residues of drugs and their metabolites in faeces could, in theory at least, lead to contamination of soil and hence crops following muck spreading. 

It has often been observed that consumers (microbes to invertebrates) are 2-3%o enriched in N relative to their diet. The increases in fi N in animal tissue and solid waste relative to diet are due mainly to the excretion of low 5 N organics in urine or its equivalent (Wolterink et al., 1979). Animal waste products may be further enriched in N because of volatilization of N-depleted... 

Derivation Prepared from uric acid and regarded as the parent substance for compounds of the uric groups, many of which occur naturally in animal waste products. 

What specific compound is both a particular animal waste product and a major... 

Bile Pigments. The oxidative degradation of heme yields open-chain tetrapyrrole as a waste product in humans and other higher animals. The yellow color of the skin in jaundice victims is caused by the presence of biluubin [635-65-4] (32, R = (CH2)2COOH). 

The main agents of these losses are the microbes and small animals, such as springtails and mites, that inhabit the soil. These feed on organic matter that contains carbon and nitrogen and produce carbon dioxide and ammonium ions as waste products. Other bacteria convert the ammonium to nitrate. Like most of us, these organisms are most active when the conditions suit them best, and their preferred options are warmth and moisture. In early autumn, the soil is still warm... 

Bacteria, yeast and algae are produced in massive quantities of protein sources as food for animals and humans.1 SCP is considered a major source of feed for animals. The production of valuable biological products from industrial and agricultural wastes is considered through the bioconversion of solid wastes to added-value fermented product, which is easily marketable as animal feedstock. The waste streams that otherwise would cause pollution and threaten the environment can be considered raw material for CSP production using suitable strains of microorganisms. 

During cheese making, the coagulated milk or curd is used to make cheese while the supernatant whey is a waste product rich in salts, proteins, and lactose. Whey concentration and desalting by UF produce a retentate product that can be used as an animal feed supplement or food additive. The MMV process (Maubois et al., French Patent 2,052,121) involves concentrating the milk by UF after centrifugation to remove the cream and before coagulation to improve yields and reduce disposal costs. 

In the development of the protein-fatty acid condensates it was possible to combine the renewable resources fatty acids (from vegetable oil) and protein, which can be obtained from both animal waste (leather) as well as from many plants, to construct a surfactant structure with a hydrophobic (fatty acid) and a hydrophilic (protein) part (Fig. 4.12). This was carried out by reacting protein hydrolysate with fatty acid chloride under Schotten-Baumann conditions using water as solvent. Products are obtained that have an excellent skin compatibility and, additionally, a good cleaning effect (particularly on the skin) and, in combination with other surfactants, lead to an increase in performance. For instance, even small additions of the acylated protein hydrolysate improve the skin compatibility. An... 

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