Bile pigment

The bile pigments are derived from degradation of porphyrins in liver cells of animals. They are also of physiological importance in plants since they are related to 

Animals break down their heme into compounds called bile pigments. These are open-chain tetrapyrroles, such as biliverdin and bilirubin, whose names were acquired when they were first separated from animal bile. As these names further imply, biliverdin is green, while bilirubin is a yellowish orange. Many other open-chain tetrapyrroles that are separated from natural sources, not only have no connection with bile, but some of them are even colourless. Nevertheless, in their names these compounds still 

In the world of photosynthetic organisms, it is a totally different story. Bilins, though cataboHcally derived from heme or chlorophyll, are of primary importance as photoreceptors and photosynthetic light harvesters. Thus, phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin, suitably attached to pol) p- 

2 Formation of bile pigments requires oxidative ring-opening 

The formation of a bilin from an iron porphyrin not only involves opening the ring, but also loss of the meso-carbon at the position of opening, usually 

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Bile duct Bile pigments Biligram Bibrubin... 

Condensed Pyrroles. Pyrroles can be condensed to compounds containing two, three, or four pyrrole nuclei. These are important ia synthetic routes to the tetrapyrroHc porphyrins, corroles, and bile pigments and to the tripyrroHc prodigiosias. The pyrrole nuclei are joiaed by either a one-carbon fragment or direct pyrrole—pyrrole bond. 

Bile Pigments. The oxidative degradation of heme yields open-chain tetrapyrrole as a waste product in humans and other higher animals. The yellow color of the skin in jaundice victims is caused by the presence of biluubin [635-65-4] (32, R = (CH2)2COOH). 

Bilirubin [635-65-4] M 584.7, e450nm t OO in CHCI3, pKE t 3 0. An acyclic tetrapyrrole bile pigment with impurities which can be eliminated by successive Soxhiet extraction with diethyl ether and MeOH. It crystallises from CHCI3 as deep red-brown rhombs, plates or prisms, and is dried to constant weight at 80 under vacuum, [Gray et al. J Chem Soc 2264, 2276 1961.]... 

Gray and his associates have discussed equilibria involving the side chains of tetrapyrrole bile pigments. 

Nakamura et al., 1988). These results suggest that F has the structure of a bile pigment type tetrapyrrole. 

Shimomura, O. (1980). Chlorophyll-derived bile pigment in bioluminescent euphausiids. FEBS Lett. 116 203-206. 

Blood plasma is the liquid part of blood, containing water, sugar, electrolytes, fats, gases, proteins, bile pigment, and clotting factors. Human plasma, also called... 

Hyjjerbilirubinaemia is an abnormality observed mainly in neonates in whom the liver is insufficiently developed to be able to detoxify the bile pigment bilirubin. This situation is known as neonatal jaundice and can sometimes become a serious disease causing neurotoxic symptoms. Bilirubin is produced by the degradation of heme [the Fe(II) complex of protoporphyrin IX] by heme oxygenase to give biliverdin, which is reduced by biliverdin reductase to... 

The biochemistry of the porphyrins and of the bile pigments is presented in this chapter. These topics are closely related, because heme is synthesized from porphyrins and iron, and the products of degradation of heme are the bile pigments and iron. 

Hyperbilirubinemia Abnormally high concentrations of the bile pigment bilirubin in the bloodstream. Hyperbilirubinemia is defined as a total serum bilirubin level greater than 5 mg/dL. 

Octaethylbilindione (H3OEB) is a convenient model for the bile pigment biliverdin IXa. Key redox states of this ligand as observed in its complexes are shown in Figure 14. The redox behavior of the palladium complex of octaethylbilindione was examined in order to determine the generality of the redox behavior of this group of transition metal complexes.202 A preliminary report on the novel tetrameric Pd4(OEB)2, which contains palladium) ) ions 7r-bonded to C=C bonds of the tetrapyrrole ligand, and of Pdn(OEB ) has appeared.203... 

Falk, H. The Chemistry of Linear Oligopyrroles and Bile Pigment Springer, New York-Wien, 1989. 

Gy No liver lesions, but swollen hepatocytes, increases in bile pigmentation, and altered cytoplasmic degranulation normal after 14 days 7... 

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