Animal Feeds, Uses

For animal feed use, vitamin B 2 is usuaby provided in a diluted form on a carrier such as calcium carbonate and/or rice hubs. An earher practice of using a spray-dried fermentation biomass in this appHcation appears to be no longer used. 

Sharman, M. and Gilbert, J., Automated aflatoxin analysis of foods and animal feeds using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination, /. Chromatogr., 543, 220, 1991. 

Golander Y Schurrath U, Luch JR. Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in animal feeds using high-performance liquid-chromatography with refractive-index detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 77, 902-905, 1988. 

RJ McCracken, DG Kennedy. Determination of furazolidone in animal feeds using liquid chromatography with UV and thermospray mass-spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 771 349-354, 1997. 

Gizzi, G., van Raamsdonck, L. W. D., Baeten, V. etal. (2003) An overview of tests for animal tissues in animal feeds used in the public health response against BSE. In Risk Analysis of Prion Diseases in Animals (C. I. Lasmzas and D. B. Adams, eds), Sci. Tech. Rev, 22(1), 311-31. 

Total co-product volume amounts to about one-third of the total mill output. Most is sold as animal feed ingredients, except for the com oil and a small amount of steep liquor used in antibiotic fermentation media.244 The composition, nutritional values, and animal feeding uses have been thoroughly described by Schroder and Heiman.245 Listed in the approximate order of volume of sales, the major feed by-products are briefly described as follows. 

Increased utilization of fermentation will mean a host of new biosolids (cell mass solids and fermentation solubles) which will need to be utilized. The logical use of these biosolids is as an animal feed,288 but animal feed use will require greater control of plant operations to ensure consistent quality products acceptable to the livestock industry. Because each facility will have a different mixture of fermentation products, it will not be possible for all facilities to produce the same set of livestock... 

Among the seven major U.S. wet milling companies that are members of the Com Refiners Association in 2003, only three companies report that they currently market cmde and refined corn oil (9). The other major wet mill companies sell their corn germ, either for extraction and corn oil production, or for animal feed use, depending on seasonal markets and prices. 

In all of the above cited experiments, no indications of any influence on the bio-availability of nutrients, nor on physiological effects were found. The animal feed used in the experiments did not contain sugar supplements. Therefore, no reduction of weight gain was observed in the experiments as Stevia or stevioside did not substitute for added sugar. 

McMurray et al (37) developed an assay for determination of lincomycin in animal feeds using gas -chromatography - mass spectrometry. 

A microbiological assay was described for lincomycin in animal feed using an agar diffusion assay and an agar slant of Sarcina Lutea ATCC No. 9341 as the test organism for the analysis of lincomycin (42). 

Other drugs such as a hypolipidermic drug, 4-trifluoromethyl-2-biphe-nyl carboxylic acid (79), fluconazole (80), SC-52151 (an experimental FlIV protease inhibitor drug) (81), propanolol, and tamoxifen (82) have also been extracted from animal feeds using supercritical CO2. However, the potential use of a SCF other than supercritical CO2 for extraction of pharmaceutical... 

Schneiderman MA, Sharma AK, Focke DC. Determination of menadione [menaphthone] in an animal feed using supercritical-fluid extraction and HPFC with electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr Sci 1988 26 458-462. 

Wilkin, D.R., Cowe, I.A., Thind, B.B., McNicol, J.W., and Cuthbertson, D.C. 1986. The detection and measurement of mite infestation in animal feed using near infra-red reflectance. J. Agric. Sci. 107, 439 148. 

Mariculture and animal feed, use as functional ingredients and nutritional supplements... 

But what are the elusive ingredients in citrus fruits and rice hulls that prevent these deficiency diseases The late 19th century wimessed trendy attempts to produce synthetic animal feed using pure proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. The results were vastly inferior compared to animals raised on namral food. In 1906, British biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947) (1929 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine) recognized the existence in natural foods of accessory factors, beyond the major components, that are required for a healthy diet. 

Approximately 700 mio tonnes of maize were produced worldwide in 2005 on more than 140 mio hectares land [78]. Maize Zea mays), occupies third place in world production as a source of food, forage and processed products for industry. The main producing countries are the USA, China and Brazil, which together account for ca. two-thirds of global production. Maize is most commonly grown for animal feed use, although it is a dietary staple in some areas such as Mexico and other Latin American countries. 

AOAC 2003.02, determination of aflatoxins in animal feed using immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC with postcolumn derivatization... 

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