Fermentable biomass

For animal feed use, vitamin B 2 is usuaby provided in a diluted form on a carrier such as calcium carbonate and/or rice hubs. An earher practice of using a spray-dried fermentation biomass in this appHcation appears to be no longer used. 

Fermentation biomass productivities usually range from 2 to 5 g/(l h). This represents an oxygen demand in the range of 1.5 to 4 g 0/(l h). In a 500-m fermenter, this means achievement of a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient in the range of 250 to 400 h"f Such oxygen-transfer capabihties can be achieved with aeration rates of the order of 0.5 (volume of air at STPA ohime of broth) and... 

In the case where the anaerobic processes take place under conditions where consumption of Ss by the sulfate-reducing biomass and the fermenting biomass must be considered, Equation (7.10) expresses the total anaerobic hydrolysis rate. This equation is based on the assumption that methane formation in sewers without sediment normally can be neglected (Section 3.2.2). 

C02 exists under anaerobic conditions in wastewater. They also found that typically 50% of the C02 was produced by the sulfate-reducing bacteria, the other half by the fermenting biomass. However, the net production rate of Ss was typically about 70% of the total produced Ss by anaerobic hydrolysis [Equation (7.10)]. Hence, this equation may, even in a reduced form, be valuable for the estimation of the production of readily biodegradable substrate under anaerobic conditions. 

D. W. Zabriskie and A.E. Humphrey, Estimation of fermentation biomass concentration by measuring culture fluorescence, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35, 337-343 (1978). 

In the downstream processing or recovery step, fermentation biomass is separated from the enzyme. Since most industrial enzymes are extracellular enzymes,... 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Potential applications involve oxygen enrichment apphcable to combustion furnaces, car engines, and respiration-aiding apparatuses. Also in the transport of oxygen dissolved in water applied to contact lenses and artificial lungs. In liquid mixture separation associated with ethanol concentration of fermented biomass. Furthermore, in polymer degradation related to resist materials for microlithography. 

Qureshi N, Sahaa BC, Hector RE, Hughes SR, Cotta MA. (2008). Butanol production from wheat straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Clostridium beijer-inckii Part I-batch fermentation. Biomass Bioenerg, 32, 168-175. 

The biomass formed during a fermentation is a source of high-quality protein and vitamins. For this reason Clostridium acetobutylicum was once used to supplement animal feeds (see section 6.2.1.2), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the ethanol fermentation now finds a similar use in the United States. Where the value of the fermented biomass has made it attractive as a product in its own right, it is the sheer scale of the process which is important for industrial chemistry. 

Bioresource Technology. 1979- Amsterdam Elsevier (0960-8524). Online ScienceDirect. Topics include biofuels production, modeling and economics bioprocesses and bioproducts biocatalysis and fermentations biomass and feedstocks utilization and thermal conversion of biomass combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, catalysis. 

It is not surprising that various process conditions such as pH will also have an effect on fermentation. Biomass concentrations of E. aerogenes were shown to increase between pH of 5 and 7, while 2,3-BD production was optimum between pH 5.5 and 6.5 and dropped off at a higher pH (Zeng et al. 1990). Paenibacillus polymyxa also showed a pH optimum for production of 2,3-BD between 5.7 and 6.3 in a chemostat system (Nakashimada et al. 1998). 

Fermentation biomass productivities usuafiy range from 2 to 5 g/liter/hr. This represents... 

Zong, W.M., Yu, R.S., Zhang, P., Fan, M.Z., Zhou, Z.H., 2009. Efficient hydrogen gas production from cassava and food waste by a two-step process of dark fermentation and photo-fermentation. Biomass Bioenergy 33 (10), 1458—1463. 

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