Animal and plant containment

Sphingolipids, important membrane components of animals and plants, contain a complex long-chain amino alcohol (either sphingosine or phytosphingosine). The core of each sphingolipid is ceramide, a fatty acid amide derivative of the alcohol molecule. Glycolipids are derivatives of ceramide that possess a carbohydrate component. 

Plants are composed of different sets of chemicals than animals, and plants contain some of the most potent chemicals on earth (e.g., digitonin [digitalis] from foxglove plants). Examples of very potent chemicals found in plants are shown in table 2.4. Some of these same chemicals are also used for healing properties (digitalis is used as a drug to combat heart disease). 

Carbon dioxide, COj. Sublimes — 78 5 C. A colourless gas at room temperature, occurs naturally and plays an important part in animal and plant respiration. Produced by the complete combustion of carbon-containing materials (industrially from flue gases and from synthesis gas used in ammonia production) and by heating metal carbonates or by... 

The most evident damage from acid depositions is to freshwater lake and stream ecosystems. Acid depositions can lower the pH of the water, with potentially serious consequences for fish, other animal, and plant life. Lakes in areas with soils containing only small amounts of calcium or magnesium carbonates that could help neutralize acidified rain are especially at risk. Few fish species can survive the sudden shifts in pH (and the effects of soluble... 

Contains information on the toxic effects of5,600 chemicals on more than 2,800 aquatic species of animals and plants, excluding birds, aquatic mammals, and bacteria. Has now been incorporated into ECOTOX Data System. Hours 8 00 a.m. to 4 30p.m. CST, Monday - Friday. 

Some disaccharides serve as soluble energy sources for animals and plants, whereas others are important because they are intermediates in the decomposition of polysaccharides. A major energy source for humans is sucrose, which is common table sugar. Sucrose contains a-glucose linked to j6-fructose. About 80 million tons of sucrose are produced each year. Of that, 60% comes from sugar cane and 40% comes from sugar beets. Example treats a disaccharide that is an energy source for insects. 

For various reasons, the generalizations mentioned above must be regarded as strictly provisional. Analyses utilizing formic acid indicate the presence of more than one phosphorus atom per purine or pyrimidine residue. This discrepancy, it is pointed out, could equally well result from an apparent deficiency of bases, due to error in the analytical technique.160 It is also necessary to consider that some nucleic acids are now known to contain more bases than was previously realized. Thus, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-cytosine is present in various viruses,181-182 and 5-methylcytosine occurs in various animal and plant deoxyribonucleic acids but is absent from those of microbial origin.17-160-1M- 184- 186 Certain microbial deoxyribonucleic acids also contain 6-methylaminopurine.186a Various bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acids have been found to contain a component which is believed to consist of a D-glucoside186b of 5 -(hydroxymethyl)cytidylic acid. 

The enzyme catalase is contained in human, animal, and plant tissues. 

EINECS is a closed list containing 100,106 entries and counts for about 99% of the chemicals volume on the market. EINECS include chemical substances produced from natural products by chemical modifications or purification, such as metals, minerals, cement, refined oil, and gas substances produced from animals and plants active substances of pesticides, medicaments, fertilizers, and cosmetic products food additives a few natural polymers and some waste and by-products. They can be mixtures of different chemicals occurring namrally or as an unintentional result of the production process. 

Compounds used in the database were obtained from literature reports of chemical structure and odor quality (7-11). In Table 1, a list of the compounds comprising the database is given. The macrocyclic and nitroaromatic musks are of strong, medium, weak, or unspecified odor intensity the nonmusks are odorless or have an odor other than musk. Information about odor quality and intensity is contained in the activity label associated with each compound. It should be emphasized that a musk compound labeled as weak, medium, or strong refers only to the change in its odor threshold, not to any change in its odor quality. Structural classes present in the dataset are shown in Fig. 1. Natural musks, whose sources include both rare animal and plant species, are... 

Web site contains presentation material related to the health effects of animal and plant toxins. 

Quinazoline alkaloids contain more than 100 compounds. They have been isolated from animal and plant sources. The plant family Rutaceae is especially rich in these alkaloids. Typical quinazoline alkaloids include, for example, arborine, glomerin, homoglomerin, glycerine, glycosminine, febrifugine and... 

The solid wastes produced by industrial operations pose a problem similar to that of municipal solid wastes simply the volume of waste produced annually. The volume of industrial solid wastes generated in the United States is roughly twice that of MSW, about 570 million short tons (518 million metric tons) in 2000. But industrial solid wastes also pose a very different kind of problem in that they also contain a number of chemical elements and compounds that are hazardous to the health of humans, other animals, and plants. These elements and compounds are classified as hazardous wastes. Hazardous wastes pose a variety of technological, economic, and... 

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