Aniline physical properties

Other terms relating to physical properties include viscosity refractive index pour point, ie, the lowest temperature at which the oil flows flash point, ie, the temperature at which the oil ignites and aniline point, ie, the minimum temperature at which equal volumes of oil and aniline are completely miscible. These are determined under defined conditions estabHshed by ASTM. 

The physical properties of aniline are given in Table 1 and vapor pressure data in Table 2. ... 

Vulcanization was first reported in 1839 with the discovery that heating natural mbber with sulfur and basic lead carbonate produced an improvement in physical properties (2). In 1906, aniline was the first organic compound found to have the abiUty to accelerate the reaction of sulfur with natural mbber (3). Various derivatives of aniline were soon developed which were less toxic and possessed increased acceleration activity. 

In 1887, Conrad and Limpach described the condensation of ethyl acetoacetate 5 with aniline 1 to provide enamine 6. Subsequent warming of the mixture provided quinoline 7. Limpach reported several years later that the yield of the cyclization step was improved when an inert solvent (e.g., mineral oil) was employed. While the cyclization step was normally quite facile at 240-280 °C, the physical properties and the methods described for the preparation of enamino-esters were inconsistent. 

The presence of chemically reactive structural features in potential drug candidates, especially when caused by metabolism, has been linked to idiosyncratic toxicity [56,57] although in most cases this is hard to prove unambiguously, and there is no evidence that idiosyncratic toxicity is correlated with specific physical properties per se. The best strategy for the medicinal chemist is avoidance of the liabilities associated with inherently chemically reactive or metabolically activated functional groups [58]. For reactive metabolites, protein covalent-binding screens [59] and genetic toxicity tests (Ames) of putative metabolites, for example, embedded anilines, can be employed in risky chemical series. 

Aniline is an aromatic amine used in the manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, and antioxidants. It has also been used as a solvent, in printing inks, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic developers, plastics, isocyanates, hydroquinones, herbicides, fungicides, and ion-exchange resins. It is produced commercially by catalytic vapor phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (Benya and Cornish 1994 HSDB 1996). Production of aniline oil was listed at approximately 1 billion pounds in 1993 (U.S. ITC 1994). Chemical and physical properties are listed in Table 1-2. 

Antimony tetroxide, 3 59 Antimony tribromide, 3 63 physical properties of, 3 6 It Antimony trichloride, 3 60-61 physical properties of, 3 6 It Antimony trichloride aniline, 3 62t Antimony trichloride bisacetone, 3 62t Antimony trichloride diethyl ether,... 

Wiener H (1948a) Relation of the physical properties of the isomeric alkanes to molecular structure. Surface tension, specific dispersion, and critical solution temperature in aniline. J. Phys. Chem. 52 1082-1089. 

The reactor pressure is calculated from the temperature and the liquid composition. Vapor pressure constants for aniline and CHA and a Henry s law constant for hydrogen were calculated from data obtained from Aspen Plus using the Chao-Seader physical property package... 

Aniline (also know as aminobenzene and benzamine) was first produced in 1826 by Unverdorben by the dry distillation of indigo, the oldest known vat dye. Fritsche also obtained aniline from indigo by heating it with potash (K2O), and he named it aniline. Hofmann obtained aniline by the reduction of nitrobenzene in 1843 and was able to prove the structure. Aniline is a colorless, oily, flammable liquid that is slightly soluble in cold water and infinitely soluble in alcohol and ether. Its physical properties are summarized in Table 20.1. 

There are a few alternative approaches to imide copolymers that allow the resin producer to make imide-modified high heat ABS without incurring the cost of the synthesized imide monomer. One is by reacting styrene-maleic anhydrides with a primary amine, either during the polymerization reaction with styrene or in a separate step. Mitsubishi Monsanto has practiced imidiza-tion on a commercial scale and described a process which follows the formation of S-MA with addition of amine and AN [60]. They described the manufacture of maleimide copolymers by heating the SMA copolymers with aniline in an extruder [61]. The maleimidation of the anhydride function is not complete, as there is unreacted amine or maleic anhydride in the product. The polymer stability and physical properties depend on the mole percent of maleimidation. 

Physical properties, taken as those of aniline Boiling point at 1.2 bar 190°C Molecular weight 93.13 Tc 699 K... 

Wiener, H. (1948a). Relationship of Physical Properties of Isomeric Alkanes to Molecular Structure Surface Tension, Specific Dispersion and Critical Solution Temperature in Aniline. J.Phys.Colloid Chem., 52,1082-1089. 

Wiener, H. (1948a) Relationship of physical properties of isomeric alkanes to molecular structure surface tension, specific dispersion and critical solution temperature in aniline. /. Phys. Colloid Chem., 52, 1082-1089. 

Base stock specifications, as defined by the producer or the purchaser, largely enumerate the physical properties required for the fluid—typically density, viscosity at two temperatures, viscosity index (VI), low temperature performance measures, flash and volatility properties, and solubility information from aniline point or viscosity-gravity constant (VGC)—the latter two are usually for naphthenic base stocks. While chemical composition is responsible for physical properties, it usually only surfaces as measurements of heteroatom content—sulfur and nitrogen—and aromatics content (or conversely that of saturates). Sulfur and aromatics levels in paraffinic base stocks are now criteria for American Petroleum Institute (API) classifications. However, detailed chemical compositional information is needed to understand the chemistry of the unit processes, the effects of changes in feeds, catalysts, and operating conditions, and behaviors of finished lubricant products. 

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