ANILIDES, ETC

The salts of aniline and its homologues are the simplest derivatives which the aromatic amines form with acids.  

These compounds need no further explanation as they were fully discussed under the reactions of aniline. The hydrochloride, acetate, sulphate and nitrate are all common substances. They are all soluble crystalline bodies. The reactions of the aromatic amines with nitrous acid have been discussed. 

With organic acids aniline forms not only the salts just discussed but also derivatives analogous to the amides. When aniline is treated with acetic acid at ordinary temperature the simple salt is first obtained. 

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The preparations of all the derivatives, and all the hydrolyses of esters, anilides, etc., described in Part III, provide excellent practice in semi-micro manipulation. 

The subject of glycosylamines has already been reviewed in this Series,80 and the nomenclature of these compounds, formerly called JV-glycosides, amides, anilides, etc., was discussed. 

Benzo-TAs 63 were obtained from 2-mercaptobenzoic acid and functionally substituted nitriles (malonodinitrile, cyanoacetamide, cyanoaceto-anilide, etc.). In this case, however, the formation of by-product 65 takes place. The ratio of yields of products 63 and 65 depends on the conditions. Thus, in pyridine only 1,3-benzo-TAs 63 are formed, while in acetic acid the ratio of mono and bis products 63 and 65 is 3 1. The authors suggest that the initial intermediate 62 may give 1,3-benzo-TAs 63, whose reaction with another molecule of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid leads to bis product 65,... 

One-step partial oxidation of propane to acrylic acid (an essential chemical widely used for the production of esters, polyesters, amides, anilides, etc.) has been investigated so far on three types of catalysts, namely, vanadium phosphorus oxides, heteropolycompounds and, more successfully, on mixed metal oxides. The active catalysts generally consist of Mo and V elements, which are also found in catalysts used for the oxidation of propene to acrolein and that of acrolein to acrylic acid. 

Salts and anilides, etc. Derivatives formed by the reaction of acids with the amine as an ammonia compound. 

Pure enantiomer imprinting of L-phenylalanine anilide, (/ )-propranolol, S)-metoprolol and (50-ropivacaine has been undertaken and these MIP capillaries have been used in the CEC mode for enantiomer separations [39-41,60-62,70,71] (Table 16.1). Baseline separations for the enantiomers of phenylalanine (Fig. 16.7) and for propranolol and metoprolol could be carried out in less than 2 min. (Fig. 16.5). A propranolol column was shown to be able to resolve several other j8-blockers, including prenalterol, atenolol, pindolol, etc. (Fig. 16.8) [41] and the ropi-... 

In its chemical properties benzoic acid reacts exactly as the aliphatic mono-carboxy acids yielding the following derivatives salts, esters, acid anhydride, acid chloride, acid amide, acid anilide, benzoyl derivatives, etc. 

Substituted aromatic amines have been widely used in the chemical industry as intermediates in the production of dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, paints, etc. They may be released into the environment directly as a result of industrial discharge form factories or indirectly as a result of degradation of phenylcarbamates, phenylurea and anilide herbicides, and azodyes. Chromatographic separation and quantification of primary amines is hampered by their polarity that can cause tailing and irreversible adsorption. Aromatic primary amines were derivatized to 7/-allyl-7/ -arylthioureaby... 

These toxic components of the coatings can be copper oxides (I), mercury, tin-bis(tributyl)oxide, barium metaborate, anilide of salicylic acid, phenols and their derivatives, compounds of aminoformic acids, etc. [87]. In the area of metal ion toxins copper protoxide, lead and tin derivatives have recently come into extensive use. 

Usually, Beckmann rearrangement of oximes of ketones are converted into anilides by heating with acidic reagents like PCl, HCOOH, SOCI2 etc. However, solid-state Beckmann rearrangement has been reported. In this method oxime of a ketone is mixed with montmorillonite and irradiated for 7 min in a microwave oven to give corresponding anilide in 91% yield (Scheme 24). 

Test for anilides, toluidides, etc. In a dry test-tube place 3 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and to it add 0 -1 g of the compound. Shake until most of it has dissolved. Add 0 -1 g of finely powdered potassium dichromate and shake vigorously at once. A deep rose, plum or purple colour, which may be transient, indicates a compound of the type ArNHCOR. 

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