Anesthetics eugenol

Eugenol may be mixed with zinc oxide as a temporary tooth filling, where the eugenol seeps into the pulp of the tooth and has anesthetic effects (Markowitz et al. 1992). 

Because clove cigarettes also contain tobacco, they carry all of the hazards of regular tobacco smoking (Council on Scientific Affairs 1988). Several cases of serious medical illness have been associated with clove cigarettes in the United States (Guidotti et al. 1989). These include cases of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bronchitis, and hemoptysis. Because eugenol anesthetizes the respiratory tract, it inhibits the normal gag reflex and has led to aspiration pneumonia in at least one case. Accidental overdoses in children have led to CNS depression, urinary abnormalities, and anion-gap acidosis. These cases were treated successfully with supportive measures (Lane et al. 1991). 

Sell AB, Carlini EA. (1976). Anesthetic action of methyleugenol and other eugenol derivatives. Pharmacology. 14(4) 367-77. 

Kreteks contain tobacco and 40% shredded clove buds. They have a pleasant, sweet aroma of cloves, but have such high levels of tar, nicotine, and CO, that smoking one is equivalent to smoking 20 light American cigarettes. Eugenol, the local anesthetic in cloves, permits the inhalation of the harsh smoke. 

Eugenol has been used since the nineteenth century as a flavoring agent in a variety of foods and pharmaceutical products. It has found use as a mild rubefacient in dentifrices, and as an obtundent for hypersensitive dentine, caries, or exposed pulp. Additional uses are in dental cement preparations, analgesics and anesthetics, and temporary dental filling when mixed with zinc oxide. The substance is also used in the perfumery or flavor industries, and also as insect attractant [1, 3, 4]. 

This ester-type anesthetic is poorly absorbed. Because it contains benzocaine, which has a low water solubility, it is prepared in a base containing petrolatum and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Eugenol is included for its antiseptic and anodyne properties. Hydroxy-quinoline sulfate is a preservative. This ointment can be directly applied to abraded or ulcerated lesions with minimal systemic effects. It is sometimes used to temporarily relieve denture sores and painful lesions. 

Procaine hydrochloride anesthetic, local toothache Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) oil anesthetic, medicine Cinchona extract Ethyl bromide anesthetic, pharmaceuticals Eugenol Methylene chloride Methyl pentynol Thymol... 

Occupational problems with topically applied local anesthetics, particularly ester derivatives, have been known for many years (Altomare et al. 1992). Contact allergy to procaine used to be a typical professional disease of dentists due to direct handling (Kanerva et al. 1994). Other affected professions include ophthalmologists and veterinary surgeons. There is an extensive cross-reactivity between all p-amino benzoic acid derivatives, such as procaine, benzocaine and tetracaine, but not to amide derivatives, such as lidocaine. Since the less allergenic amide local anesthetics are used today, the number of occupational cases has declined. The intravenous anesthetic propanidid, a derivative of eugenol (Castelain and Piriou 1980), has caused sensitization in anesthesists by direct and probably also airborne contact (Altomare et al. 1992). 

In the very early reports of occupationally related dermatoses in dental personnel, local anesthetics, disinfectants, hand washing and eugenol were enumerated (reviewed in Hensten-Pettersen and Jacobsen 1990). In 1954, Fisher and Woodside described the first cases of occupational methacrylate sensitization in dental personnel. Since the 1970s, the number of case reports and studies on occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel has increased rapidly. To this, Kanerva s group has contributed many publications (Estlander et al. 1984, 1996 Kanerva et al. 1996b). 

An EO fraction obtained from powdered seeds of Licaria puchury-major (Mart.) Kosterm. (Lauraceae) containing 51.3% of safrol (43), 3.3% of eugenol (4), and 2.9% of methyleugenol ( T) reduced locomotion and anesthetized mice, as well as affording protection against electroshock induced convulsions (Garlini et al. 1983). 

Eugenol analgesic anesthetic anti-inflammatory antibiotic... 

W-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor is an NMDA-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays an important role in synaptic modulation and memory function. Antagonism of NMDA receptor by eugenol [53] might result in its presumed inhibition of synaptic plasticity [49] or contribute to its anesthetic ability. 

Guenette SA, Beaudry F, Maiicu JF, Vachon P (2006) Pharmacokinetics and anesthetic activity of eugenol in male Spiague-Dawley rats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 29 265-270... 

MA-St, MA-St cross-linked with divinyl benzene salicylic acid (antiseptic), eugenol (antiseptic, anesthetic), paracetamol (analgesic, antipyretic) 130... 

Dallmeier K, Carlini EA 1981 Anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects of synthetic eugenol derivatives and natural analogues. Pharmacology 22 113-127... 

Eugenol, the major component of both allspice berry and leaf oils, has local antiseptic and anesthetic properties. It is considered anticonvulsant, antimitotic, antioxidant, and spasmolytic. Eugenol has shown central nervous system a depressant activity and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in human colonic muscoa (harbourne and BAXTER). Oral administration of an aqueous suspension of allspice to rats and mice produced anti-inflammatory, antipyretic. 

Allspice oil has been used medicinally as an aromatic carminative at dose of 0.05-0.2 mL. It is also used in cosmetics as an ingredient in fragrance formulations, for spicy, dove-like notes. Eugenol is used as a dental antiseptic and anesthetic. 

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