Androgen anabolic effects

The pharmaceutical industry has developed and studied a number of anabolic steroids for use in veterinary medicine and in rehabilitation from injuries that are accompanied by deterioration of muscles. The ideal agent would be one that possessed the anabolic properties of testosterone without its androgenic (masculinizing) effects. Methandrostenolone (Dianabol) and stanozolol are among the many synthetic anabolic steroids that require a prescription. 

Condensation of the lynestrol intermediate (47) with ethyl-magnesium bromide affords the oral androgen ethylestrenol (72) Animal experiments on the various drugs above have all shown increased anabolic effects relative to androgenicity. 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 1451-J 452.) The use of anabolic steroids by athletes has become quite alarming in recent years. These steroids, which have androgenic and anabolic effects, are used to improve... 

Anabolics are testosterone derivatives (e.g., clostebol, metenolone, nan-drolone, stanozolol) that are used in debilitated patients, and misused by athletes, because of their protein anabolic effect. They act via stimulation of androgen receptors and, thus, also display androgenic actions (e.g., virilization in females, suppression of spermatogenesis). 

Aminopyrine, 234 Aminotetradine, 265 2-Aminothiazole, 247 2-Aminothiazole synthesis, 126 Amisotetradine, 266 Amobarbital, 268 Amopyroquine, 342 Amoxycillin, 414 Amphetamine, 37, 70 Ampicillin, 413 Amprolium, 264 Amytriptylene, 141, 404 Anabolic effects, 169 Androgens, discovery, 155 Androstanolone, 173 Androstenedione, 158, 176 Anesthesia, parenteral, 56 Angst, 363 Anileridine, 300 Aniline, metabolism. 111 Anisindandione, 147 Anovlar , 186 Antagonists, 20, 65 Antazoline, 242 Antibodies, 41... 

Anabolic activities of testosterone, such as increases in amino acid incorporation into protein and in RNA polymerase activity, have been demonstrated in skeletal muscle. Apart from the direct anabolic effects in specific tissue, androgens antagonize the protein catabolic action of glucocorticoids. The androgen compounds with the greatest ratio of protein anabolic effects to virilizing effects are the 19-nortestosterone derivatives. Compounds that are used clinically (Table 63.3) include nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin), nandrolone decanoate... 

D. Skeletal muscle cells use the androgen receptor to bind testosterone that promotes the anabolic effect of this hormone. 

Estradiol-17 is given to animals in form of a subcutaneous implant in the ear, alone or in combination with other hormonally active compounds such as progesterone or trenbolone acetate. Estradiol-17 is used in steers, to best advantage, but also exhibits some anabolic effects in heifers and veal calves. It works best in lambs in conjunction with androgens, but is not effective as an anabolic agent in pigs. It has been used in many forms in the past including the benzoate, dipropionate, hemisuccinate, heptanoate, propionate, undecanoate, and valerate esters. 

Stanozolol is an androgenic anabolic steroid used in cases of deficiency in protein synthesis and osteoporosis. In spite of its prohibition by the International Olympic Committee since 1974, this compound has been often abused by athletes and in horse-races to enhance performance (25). In recent times, the discovery of stanozolol at injection sites revealed its illegal use as a growth promoter in breeding, despite the ban in the European Union in effect since 1988 (26). 

General anabolic effects stimulates release of insulinlike growth factor-I Stimulates milk synthesis Ovary luteinization, progesterone synthesis testis interstitial cell development, androgen synthesis... 

Particularly when androgens/anabolics are misused to promote extreme muscular development, there is a risk of cardiomegaly and ultimate cardiac failure. Androgen-induced hypertension may be due to a hypertensive shift in the pressure-natriuresis relation, either by an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption or by activation of the renin-angiotensin system (27). This effect is not related to higher doses or longer treatment and can develop after a few months but can also be delayed for many years. 

Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med 2004 34 513-54. 

When androgenic qualities/effects are reduced, so are the anabolic qualities/effects reduced. When an AAS is listed as high anabolic or a high androgenic it simply means the ratio has shifted in favor of these qualities due to structural modifications. This is true for both oral and injectable AAS. 

Though gyno or water retention is unlikely to occur from the use of Halotestin, there are several side effects. Since this drug is an alteration of Methyltestosterone (with a higher androgenic/lower anabolic effect) and a cl7-alkylated steroid, it is quite hard on the liver. Nose bleeds, headaches, stomach aches, and acne are some of the reported side effects. Users seldom reported profitable use that extended beyond 4-6 weeks. 

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