Steroidal androgens

Bnrsi R, de Gooyer ME, Grootenhuis A, Jacobs PL, van der Louw J, Leysen D. (Q)SAR stndy on the metabolic stability of steroidal androgens. J Mol Graph Modelling 2001 19 552-6. 

The single crystal X-ray structure of the enantiopure tetrahydro oxepin-2-one 61, a mimic of steroidal androgens, has been reported <06ZN(B)111>. A new procedure has been described for the synthesis of substituted furano-fused oxepines based on expoxidation of strained fused cyclobutenes followed by thermal rearrangement <06OL5183>. 

Testosterone is the most important of the male sexual steroids (androgens), it is synthesized in the Leydig intersitial cells of the testes, and controls the development and functioning of the male gonads, it also determines secondary sexual characteristics in men (muscles, hair, etc.). 

Aromatase catalyzes the conversion of C19 steroids (androgens) into Cig steroids (estrogens) containing a phenolic A ring (Scheme 3.1). It is an enzyme complex comprised of two proteins. One is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate... 

Figure 26.5 Indirect toxicity of kraft pulpmill effluent to mosquito fish. Phytosterols in the mill effluent are converted to C19 steroidal androgens through the action of microorganisms in the environment. These androgens masculinize both anatomy and behavior of female mosquito fish. An arrow identifies the modified anal fln on the masculinized female.

Gomes RL, Meredith W, Snape CE, Sephton MA (2009) Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens deconjugation, derivatizafion and associated issues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 49 1133-1140... 

Top S, Thibaudeau C, Vessieres A, Brule E, Bideau FL, Joerger J-M, Plamont M-A, Samreth S, Edgar A, Marrot J, Herson P, Jaouen G (2009) Synthesis and structure activity relationship of organometallic steroidal androgen derivatives. Organometallics 28 1414—1424... 

Table 7. Chemical structure, molecular formula, molecular mass, relative binding affinity (RBA) to the androgen receptor (AR), n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kqw)> and bioconcentration factors on a wet weight basis (BCF ) and on a lipid basis (BCFl) of Steroidal Androgens and Nonsteroidal Chemicals with Antiandrogenic Activity... 

For men and women, the use of male steroids (androgens) - either the hormone testosterone or the synthetic anabolic steroids - may also increase the risk of coronary artery disease. These drugs lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (the good) cholesterol levels, increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (the bad) cholesterol levels, and cause high blood pressure. All of these effects may contribute to having a heart attack at an early age or to having a stroke. What effects the use of anabolic steroids early in life has later in life are unclear. 

Benzodiazepines alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, midazolam, triazolam, zolpidem Calcium channel blockers diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil Steroids androgens, estrogens, cortisol Others erythromycin, terfenadine, cyclosporine, dapsone, ketoconazole, lovastatin, lidocaine, alfentanil, amiodarone, astemizole, codeine, sildenafil... 

Steroidal Androgen Therapy Testosterone and Synthetic Analogs... 

Table 8.1 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nonsteroidal SARMs vs. traditional steroidal androgens.

These improved pharmacokinetic and side-effect profiles for SARMs versus steroidal androgens are associated with potent, tissue-selective effects in therapeutic target tissues. Hyperanabolic effects in skeletal muscle have been seen for SARMs in rat for numerous molecules [90, 151, 176, 184] with myoanabolic effects in castrated rats in the range of 100-150% compared to testosterone. These effects have also been seen in human trials as manifested by increases in LBM and improvements in physical performance tests (stair climb time [96]). Osteoanabolic effects have also been demonstrated in rats [95, 128, 151] and monkeys [130] for numerous molecules however, only limited clinical trials data have been released in human [128],... 

Makin HL, Trafford DJH, and Nolan J (1998) Mass Spectra and GC Data of Steroids Androgens and Gestogens. Weinheim Wiley-VCH. 

Pregnenolone 3p-hydroxy-pregn-S-en-20-one, an intermediate in the Uosynthesis of progesterone from cholesterol, and in the biosynthesis of androgens in the adrenal cortex. See Steroids, Androgens. 

A high-affinity non-steroidal androgen receptor ligand 1470 has been designed, of which a fragment, 2-iodo-4-nitrobenzonitrile, has been synthesized from its carboxamide 1468 by dehydration with thionyl chloride in 80% yield [1116]. 

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