Analytical Chemistry, Fundamental Reviews

Analytical Chemistry, Fundamental Reviews, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. These reviews appear in even-numbered years in the June 15 issue of Analytical Chemistry. Many of the significant developments occurring in the past 2 years in several areas of analytical chemistry are covered. 

Spectroscopy, annual reviews of new analytical instrumentation from the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry, "Fundamental Reviews" (June 1994, June 1996), analytical applications of infrared, ultraviolet, atomic absorption, emission, Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, and x-ray spectroscopy. 

Analytical Chemistry Fundamental Reviews. The reviews published in April of even-numbered years include comprehensive surveys of newly published extraction procedures, and many references. 

Analytical Chemistry, Fundamental Reviews, American Chemical Society, published biannually. 

Table 8.1 contains a list of selective detection reagents that have proven to be satisfactory over many years of use. Additional reagents are described in the detailed experiments contained in Chapters 15-23. Important new detection reagents for TLC are reviewed biennially in the Analytical Chemistry Fundamentals Review issue, the latest of which is by Sherma (1998). 

Current research on fundamental developments in analytical chemistry are reviewed biannually (even-numbered years) in Analytical Chemistry s fundamental Reviews. ... 

The active state of luminescence spectrometry today may be judged ly an examination of the 1988 issue of Fundamental Reviews of Analytical Chemistry (78), which divides its report titled Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry into about 27 specialized topical areas, depending on how you choose to count all the subdivisions. This profusion of luminescence topics in Fundamental Reviews is just the tip of the iceberg, because it omits all publications not primarily concerned with analytical applications. Fundamental Reviews does, however, represent a good cross-section of the available techniques because nearly every method for using luminescence in scientific studies eventually finds a use in some form of chemical analysis. Since it would be impossible to mention here all of the current important applications and developments in the entire universe of luminescence, this report continues with a look at progress in a few current areas that seem significant to the author for their potential impact on future work. 

The interested reader is referred to numerous other compendiums of information on this broad topic (1—5). Particulady noteworthy are the series of Fundamental Reviews on specific techniques that appear biennially in the joumal Analytical Chemistry. These Reviews report developments in specific fields since the previous report, and usually provide an up-to-date perspective of significant advances made in the field. Of particular relevance to this article are the Fundamental Reviews on surface analysis, scanning probe microscopy, and ir spectroscopy which have appeared recendy (5). 

Useful information can be found in many prominent journals that cater to all branches of analytical chemistry, including The Analyst, Analytica Chimica Acta, Analytical Chemistry, Talanta, Analytical Letters, send Analytical and Bio-analytical Chemistry. Biennial reviews published in the June issue of Analytical Chemistry offer comprehensive summaries of fundamental and practical research work. 

The theoretical aspects and practical employment of various TLC methodologies have been discussed in detail in excellent books [41,42], biennial reviews published in the Fundamental Reviews issue of the ACS journal Analytical Chemistry [43] and other reviews dealing with special aspects of theory and practical application of TLC [44,45],... 

Annual Fundamental Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. This is published biannually, in the even years, by the Analytical Chemistry Journal of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C. 20036. 

Most research papers concerned with pharmaceutical microcalorimetry can usually be found in the pharmaceutical journals International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam) and Pharmaceutical Research (Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York) while more fundamental work will be found in Thermochimica Acta (Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam). Excellent reviews of the field of thermal analysis have been published every two years in the fundamental reviews issue of Analytical Chemistry by the late D Dollimore, most recently in 1998 (43). 

A number of reviews can be consulted for an introduction to the fundamentals both theoretical and practical covering XPS. These include Riggs and Parker (2) and the book by Carlson (3). Electron spectroscopy is reviewed in alternate years in the Fundamental Reviews issue of Analytical Chemistry. The last literature review was published in 1980 (4) and this and previous reviews can be consulted for a coverage of all aspects of the literature of XPS. A number of recent symposia have been held on applications of surface analytical methods in various aspects of materials science such as the symposium on characterization of molecular structures of polymers by photon, electron, and ion probes at the March 1980 American Chemical Society meetings in Houston ( 5) and the International Symposium on Physiochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces at this meeting as well as the symposium on industrial applications of surface analysis of which this article is a part. Review articles on various applications of XPS in materials science are listed in Table I. 

Liquid chromatography (LC) instrumentation is continuously being refined and improved. Advances in electronics are incorporated into pumps, system injectors, data handling, and detectors. The reader is directed to the annual reviews from PITTCON published in LC-GCMagazine or American Laboratory or the Column Liquid Chromatography Equipment and Instrument review in Analytical Chemistry for the fundamental developments in instrumentation. 

Spectrometry [590] is still a valuable source of basic information. Any shortcomings of the present review in terms of its coverage of the recent literature should be compensated for by the various review series, notably the biennial fundamental reviews in Analytical Chemistry [146], the Specialist Periodical Reports (5 volumes to date) [454] and the International Reviews of Science (2 volumes) [558]. 

Fundamental Reviews of Analytical Chemistry (American Chemical Society) covers all mass spectrometry aspects in a condensed fashion. Published biennially in each even year. 

Column Liquid Chromatography, Fundamental reviews. Analytical Chemistry, even years. 

Many journal papers and short reviews have appeared on various aspects of ion chromatography. The Fundamental Reviews that appear every two years in Analytical Chemistry include new developments in ion chromatography under the heading Liquid Chromatography Theory and Practice [19]. A collection of papers presented at the annual International Ion Chromatography Symposium has been published each year since 1989 [20,21]. 

Detection in liquid chromatography has long been considered one of the weakest aspects of the technique. Low concentrations of a solute dissolved in a liquid modify the properties of the liquid to a much smaller extent than low concentrations of a solute in a gas. For this reason there is no sensitive universal, or quasi-universal, detector such as the flame ionization or thermal conductivity detectors for GC. A comprehensive review of detectors has been published by Fielden (38), as well as two recent books by Scott (39) and Patonay (40). The Fundamental Review issue of Analytical Chemistry, published in even-numbered years, contains a comprehensive review of developments in instrumentation for LC, including detection techniques. 

Virtually every imaginable (and even some unimaginable ) instrument has been utilized as a detector for liquid chromatography. Most of these have been nothing more than research curiosities many have not exhibited the low limits of detection or the small cell volume necessary for a popular, useful detection technique. The reader is encouraged to consult the latest issue of the Fundamental Review issue of Analytical Chemistry, published in June of even-numbered years, for a thorough review of detection schemes. 

Analytical applications of electrochemistry, where the objectives are well defined, have fared better. There is a long list of papers going back twenty years on the applications of computers and then microprocessors. Reviews of this subject appear in the Fundamental Reviews sction of Analytical Chemistry (see refs. 8 and 9). In general, the aim in electroanalytical methods is to avoid interfering effects, such as the ohmic loss and the double layer capacity charging, and to use the Faradaic response peak current-potential curve as an analytical tool. Identification of the electroactive species is achieved by the position of the response peak on the potential axis and "pattern recognition , and quantitative analysis by peak shape and height. A recent development is squarewave voltammetry [10]. 

The biennial applications reviews in Analytical Chemistry are most useful, in-depth, comprehensive reviews by practitioners in the respective fields of the relevant literature and are invaluable sources for guides to the literature and highly recommended. Applications reviews cover targeted materials while in alternating years fundamental reviews deal with specific analytical techniques (the latter are referenced in later sections in this chapter on specific techniques). The following are several of the most recent (1991 to 2002) applications reviews in Analytical Chemistry on biological, environmental and related materials Anderson (coordi-... 

The following biennial fundamental reviews in Analytical Chemistry are several of the most recent ones (1990 to 2002) on Atomic absorption. Atomic Emission and Flame Emission Spectrometry , containing information on flame emission spectrometry (Holcombe and Hassel 1990, Jackson... 

As far as reviews are concerned, some of the many review articles discussed under AAS in Section 2.5.3.1 also contain reviews of ICP-AES, and should be consulted. Two of the most recent articles in the biennial fundamental reviews in Analytical Chemistry on plasma emission spectrometry are by Beauchemin etal. (1992, 1994). Komar-omy-Hiller (1999), in the Flame, flameless, and plasma spectroscopy section of the Clinical Chemistry review touches on applica-... 

The biennial fundamental reviews in Analytical Chemistry contain the following three recent comprehensive reviews on X-ray spectrometry by Tbrbk and colleagues (Tbrbk etal. 1996, 1998, Szaloki etal. 

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